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blue · cool

#78b4df

a light, vivid blue · cool · closest name: Light Sky Blue

Token name suggestion: Meadow Harbour

RGB
120, 180, 223
HSL
205°, 62%, 67%
CMYK
46, 19, 0, 13
Luminance
0.4196

#78b4df is a light vivid blue, 205° on the wheel and 98/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (9.39:1). As text it scores 2.24:1 on white — use #2A7AB3 instead. Nearest name is Light Sky Blue, nearest Tailwind family is sky.

hsl(205 62% 67%)rgb(120 180 223)Base step 400AAA inkCool

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #78b4df is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#78b4df
Hue
205°
blue
Saturation
62%
vivid
Lightness
67%
light
Brightness
87%
HSV value
Perceived
67%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.4196
WCAG relative
Temperature
Cool
98/100 cool
Color family
Blue
Tone
Vivid
Best ink
Black
9.39:1
Closest name
Light Sky Blue
ΔE2000 6.8
Chroma
28.8
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.745
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
sky
500 · ΔE 8
Web-safe
#66CCCC
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue205° of 360°
Saturation62%
Lightness67%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #78b4df.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool98% cool

Reads cool. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red10%
Green78%
Blue13%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#78b4df
HEX (8-digit)#78b4dfff
RGBrgb(120, 180, 223)
RGBArgba(120, 180, 223, 1)
HSLhsl(205, 62%, 67%)
HSV / HSBhsv(205, 46%, 87%)
HWBhwb(205 47% 13%)
CMYKcmyk(46%, 19%, 0%, 13%)
LABlab(70.8 -8.0 -27.6)
LCHlch(70.8 28.8 253.9)
OKLCHoklch(0.745 0.088 240.6)
XYZ (D65)xyz(37.38, 41.96, 75.93)
Decimal7910623
Display P3color(display-p3 0.471 0.706 0.875)
Web-safe#66CCCC

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #78b4df;
background-color: #78b4df;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #78b4df;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#78b4df] bg-[#78b4df]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #78b4df;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.471, green: 0.706, blue: 0.875)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.471, green: 0.706, blue: 0.875, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#78B4DF</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFF78B4DF)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFF78B4DF)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(223, 180, 120)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(120, 180, 223)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(120, 180, 223)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 120, 180, 223)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.4706f, 0.7059f, 0.8745f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{120,180,223}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #78b4df 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #78b4df 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#184667, #D3E3EE);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #78b4df h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #F4F8FB;
  --brand-100: #E8F1F7;
  --brand-200: #CCE1F0;
  --brand-300: #A4CDEA;
  --brand-400: #78b4df;
  --brand-500: #4A9AD4;
  --brand-600: #2F87C6;
  --brand-700: #2770A5;
  --brand-800: #1F5A84;
  --brand-900: #1A4360;
  --brand-950: #112A3C;
  --brand: #78b4df;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #F4F8FA;
  --brand-border: #C0DAED;
  --brand-hover: #5BA4D8;
  --brand-pressed: #3E94D1;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #141D24;
    --brand-ink: #D3E3EE;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#F4F8FB',
        100: '#E8F1F7',
        200: '#CCE1F0',
        300: '#A4CDEA',
        400: '#78b4df',
        500: '#4A9AD4',
        600: '#2F87C6',
        700: '#2770A5',
        800: '#1F5A84',
        900: '#1A4360',
        950: '#112A3C',
        DEFAULT: '#78b4df',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #F4F8FB,
  '100': #E8F1F7,
  '200': #CCE1F0,
  '300': #A4CDEA,
  '400': #78b4df,
  '500': #4A9AD4,
  '600': #2F87C6,
  '700': #2770A5,
  '800': #1F5A84,
  '900': #1A4360,
  '950': #112A3C,
);
$brand-base: #78b4df;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#F4F8FB", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#E8F1F7", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#CCE1F0", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#A4CDEA", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#78b4df", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#4A9AD4", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#2F87C6", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#2770A5", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#1F5A84", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#1A4360", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#112A3C", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #78b4df · 9.39:1
Use #000000AAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 2.24:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Aa
Black text · 9.39:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Reading the other direction: #78b4df as text scores 2.24:1 on white and 9.39:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #184667 at 4.45:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#2A7AB3 · 4.63:1
AA on white−24% L
#2A7AB3
The quick fox
#205B85 · 7.25:1
AAA on white−35% L
#205B85
The quick fox
#78b4df · 9.39:1
AA on blackalready passes
#78b4df
The quick fox
#78b4df · 9.39:1
AAA on blackalready passes
#78b4df

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #4B9BD4 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#78b4df on white: 2.24:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#78b4df on black: 9.39:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #78b4df as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #78b4df.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White2.24:1AaAa
Slate 502.14:1AaAa
Slate 1002.04:1AaAa
Slate 2001.81:1AaAa
Slate 3001.51:1AaAa
Slate 4001.15:1AaAa
Slate 5002.13:1AaAa
Slate 6003.39:1AaAa
Slate 7004.63:1AaAa
Slate 8006.54:1AaAa
Slate 9007.98:1AaAa
Black9.39:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #A1B3E1
deuteranopia · #93A9DE
tritanopia · #4ABFC2

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #78b4df is pinned to step 400; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#F4F8FB
#E8F1F7
#CCE1F0
#A4CDEA
#78b4df
#4A9AD4
#2F87C6
#2770A5
#1F5A84
#1A4360
#112A3C
Base = 400Lightest = 50 · #F4F8FBDarkest = 950 · #112A3CText step on white = 700
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.022 240.6);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.035 240.6);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.053 240.6);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.069 240.6);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.081 240.6);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.088 240.6);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.088 240.6);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.083 240.6);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.074 240.6);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.062 240.6);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.048 240.6);
}

Colors that work with #78b4df

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000
Black wins here
Surface#F4F8FA
Tinted page background
Border#C0DAED
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#4B799B
Captions on the surface
Accent#A93923
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#184667
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#EAF4FA
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#141D24
Dark-mode background
Hover#5BA4D8
One step down in lightness
Pressed#3E94D1
Two steps down
Disabled#DEE5EA
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#81BFEA
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #78b4df

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Text and icons on dark surfaces
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Card and section backgrounds
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
Use with care
  • Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • White text placed on it
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Not as text
Safe as a fill behind white type
No — use #184667
Safe as a 1px border on white
No — use #4B9BD4

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

trustedcalmcompetentcorporate

The default of institutions for a reason: blue is read as stable and safe across nearly every culture that has been surveyed.

This is a confident chroma: strong enough to lead a brand, restrained enough to live in an interface all day. The lightness keeps it airy and approachable.

Worth knowing

It is also the most crowded hue on the web. Distinctiveness has to come from your other choices.

Reads as
  • FormalityMedium
  • EnergyMedium-high
  • Weight33/100
  • TemperatureCool
  • ApproachabilityReserved

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#DFA378
Analogous left#78DFD6
Analogous right#7881DF
Split-complement 1#DF7881
Split-complement 2#DFD678
Triadic 1#DF78B4
Triadic 2#B4DF78
Tetradic#D678DF
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°205°

#78b4df sits at 205°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red47.1%
Green70.6%
Blue87.5%
R · 0–255
120
0x78
G · 0–255
180
0xb4
B · 0–255
223
0xdf

CMYK percentages

Cyan46.2%
Magenta19.3%
Yellow0.0%
Key (black)12.5%

Total ink coverage is 78%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#78b4df text on a black background

contrast 9.39:1

Card sample

#78b4df text on a white background

contrast 2.24:1

Card sample

#78b4df on grey

2.04:1

#78b4df on its own surface

2.09:1

#78b4df on its dark surface

7.63:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #78b4df;
Background color
Panel with #78b4df background
background-color: #78b4df;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #78b4df;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(120, 180, 223, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(120, 180, 223, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #78b4df;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #78b4df, #8178DF);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #78b4df, #9A78DF);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #78b4df;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #78b4df;
caret-color: #78b4df;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #78b4df;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #EAF4FA;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #78b4df;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#78b4df 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #78b4df over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(120, 180, 223, 0.5)
rgb(120 180 223 / 50%)
#78b4df80
hsl(205 62% 67% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #78b4df 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#78b4df1a#F2F8FC
20%#78b4df33#E4F0F9
40%#78b4df66#C9E1F2
60%#78b4df99#AED2EC
80%#78b4dfcc#93C3E5

Gradients from #78b4df

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #AAD0EB, #78b4df 45%, #184667);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #78b4df, #745FD9);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #78b4df, #DFA378);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #C2DDF1 0%, #78b4df 45%, #184667 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #F4F8FA, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #A1E9DD 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #9191E5 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #184667 0%, transparent 65%), #78b4df;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #78b4df

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#78b4df in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
TechnologyFinanceHealthcareEnterprise SaaS
Common UI roles
SurfacesBadgesHighlightsEmpty states
Print note

Converts to four-color process without much drama. Proof it anyway.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 9.39:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#78b4df, answered

What color is #78b4df?

#78b4df is a light vivid blue, closest to Light Sky Blue (ΔE2000 6.8). It sits at 205° on the hue wheel with 62% saturation and 67% lightness, which reads as cool.

What is the RGB value of #78b4df?

rgb(120, 180, 223) — 120 red, 180 green and 223 blue out of 255, or 47.1% / 70.6% / 87.5% by channel.

What is #78b4df in HSL and HSV?

hsl(205, 62%, 67%) and hsv(205, 46%, 87%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #78b4df a light or a dark color?

It is a mid-tone. Relative luminance is 0.4196 and perceived brightness is 67%, so black text on it reaches 9.39:1.

Should I use black or white text on #78b4df?

Black. It scores 9.39:1 against #78b4df, versus 2.24:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #78b4df accessible on a white background?

#78b4df on white scores 2.24:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #2A7AB3 to reach 4.5:1, or #205B85 for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #78b4df?

#DFA378 sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #DF7881 and #DFD678, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #78b4df?

For interface work: #F4F8FA as the surface, #C0DAED for borders, #4B799B for secondary text, #A93923 as an accent and #184667 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #78DFD6 and #7881DF stays calm, while #DFA378 is the loudest partner.

What is #78b4df in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(46%, 19%, 0%, 13%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — ask your printer for a proof before committing to a run.

Is #78b4df warm or cool?

Cool — it scores 98 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #78DADF; nudged cooler, #62A0DC.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #78b4df?

The sky family — its 500 step is #0ea5e9, ΔE2000 8 away. That is a visible difference, so define #78b4df as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #78b4df in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#78b4df] or text-[#78b4df], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #78b4df with 50% opacity?

rgba(120, 180, 223, 0.5), or #78b4df80 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #BCDAEF; over black, #3C5A70.

Is #78b4df a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #66CCCC, ΔE2000 17.8 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #78b4df mean?

As a blue, it reads trusted, calm, competent. The default of institutions for a reason: blue is read as stable and safe across nearly every culture that has been surveyed. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #78b4df?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #AAD0EB, #78b4df 45%, #184667). For more colour, a short hue run to #745FD9 keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #78b4df in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #78b4df at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.