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red · warm

#990c01

a dark, electric red · warm · closest name: Dark Red

Token name suggestion: Shadow Ember

RGB
153, 12, 1
HSL
4°, 99%, 30%
CMYK
0, 92, 99, 40
Luminance
0.0704

#990c01 is a dark electric red, 4° on the wheel and 14/100 on the cool side. Put white text on it (8.72:1). As text it scores 8.72:1 on white — safe at any size. Nearest name is Dark Red, nearest Tailwind family is red.

hsl(4 99% 30%)rgb(153 12 1)Base step 800AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #990c01 is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#990c01
Hue
red
Saturation
99%
electric
Lightness
30%
dark
Brightness
60%
HSV value
Perceived
33%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.0704
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
14/100 cool
Color family
Red
Tone
Electric
Best ink
White
8.72:1
Closest name
Dark Red
ΔE2000 3.3
Chroma
69.6
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.433
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
red
500 · ΔE 22.3
Web-safe
#990000
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue4° of 360°
Saturation99%
Lightness30%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #990c01.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool14% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red96%
Green4%
Blue0%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#990c01
HEX (8-digit)#990c01ff
RGBrgb(153, 12, 1)
RGBArgba(153, 12, 1, 1)
HSLhsl(4, 99%, 30%)
HSV / HSBhsv(4, 99%, 60%)
HWBhwb(4 0% 40%)
CMYKcmyk(0%, 92%, 99%, 40%)
LABlab(31.9 53.0 45.1)
LCHlch(31.9 69.6 40.4)
OKLCHoklch(0.433 0.172 30.2)
XYZ (D65)xyz(13.28, 7.04, 0.69)
Decimal10030081
Display P3color(display-p3 0.600 0.047 0.004)
Web-safe#990000

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #990c01;
background-color: #990c01;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #990c01;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#990c01] bg-[#990c01]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #990c01;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.600, green: 0.047, blue: 0.004)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.600, green: 0.047, blue: 0.004, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#990C01</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFF990C01)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFF990C01)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(1, 12, 153)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(153, 12, 1)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(153, 12, 1)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 153, 12, 1)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.6000f, 0.0471f, 0.0039f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{153,12,1}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #990c01 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #990c01 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#7F0A01, #EED5D3);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #990c01 h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #FEF2F1;
  --brand-100: #FCE5E3;
  --brand-200: #FBC5C0;
  --brand-300: #FE9790;
  --brand-400: #FE6458;
  --brand-500: #FE3020;
  --brand-600: #F31302;
  --brand-700: #CB1001;
  --brand-800: #990c01;
  --brand-900: #750E06;
  --brand-950: #490804;
  --brand: #990c01;
  --brand-ink: #ffffff;
  --brand-surface: #FAF5F4;
  --brand-border: #EDC3C0;
  --brand-hover: #760901;
  --brand-pressed: #520601;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #241514;
    --brand-ink: #EED5D3;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FEF2F1',
        100: '#FCE5E3',
        200: '#FBC5C0',
        300: '#FE9790',
        400: '#FE6458',
        500: '#FE3020',
        600: '#F31302',
        700: '#CB1001',
        800: '#990c01',
        900: '#750E06',
        950: '#490804',
        DEFAULT: '#990c01',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #FEF2F1,
  '100': #FCE5E3,
  '200': #FBC5C0,
  '300': #FE9790,
  '400': #FE6458,
  '500': #FE3020,
  '600': #F31302,
  '700': #CB1001,
  '800': #990c01,
  '900': #750E06,
  '950': #490804,
);
$brand-base: #990c01;
$brand-ink: #ffffff;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FEF2F1", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#FCE5E3", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#FBC5C0", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#FE9790", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#FE6458", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#FE3020", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#F31302", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#CB1001", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#990c01", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#750E06", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#490804", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#ffffff", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#ffffff on #990c01 · 8.72:1
Use #ffffffAAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 8.72:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Aa
Black text · 2.41:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Reading the other direction: #990c01 as text scores 8.72:1 on white and 2.41:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #FFE7E6 at 7.40:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#990c01 · 8.72:1
AA on whitealready passes
#990c01
The quick fox
#990c01 · 8.72:1
AAA on whitealready passes
#990c01
The quick fox
#EA1202 · 4.59:1
AA on black+16% L
#EA1202
The quick fox
#FE6054 · 7.02:1
AAA on black+36% L
#FE6054

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #990C01 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#990c01 on white: 8.72:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#990c01 on black: 2.41:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #990c01 as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #990c01.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White8.72:1AaAa
Slate 508.34:1AaAa
Slate 1007.96:1AaAa
Slate 2007.08:1AaAa
Slate 3005.88:1AaAa
Slate 4003.40:1AaAa
Slate 5001.83:1AaAa
Slate 6001.15:1AaAa
Slate 7001.19:1AaAa
Slate 8001.68:1AaAa
Slate 9002.05:1AaAa
Black2.41:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #413800
deuteranopia · #615500
tritanopia · #AA000D

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #990c01 is pinned to step 800; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#FEF2F1
#FCE5E3
#FBC5C0
#FE9790
#FE6458
#FE3020
#F31302
#CB1001
#990c01
#750E06
#490804
Base = 800Lightest = 50 · #FEF2F1Darkest = 950 · #490804Text step on white = 700
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.043 30.2);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.069 30.2);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.103 30.2);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.134 30.2);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.158 30.2);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.172 30.2);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.172 30.2);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.161 30.2);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.144 30.2);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.120 30.2);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.094 30.2);
}

Colors that work with #990c01

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#ffffff
White wins here
Surface#FAF5F4
Tinted page background
Border#EDC3C0
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#9B504B
Captions on the surface
Accent#009A7F
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#7F0A01
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#FFE7E6
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#241514
Dark-mode background
Hover#760901
One step down in lightness
Pressed#520601
Two steps down
Disabled#A06E6A
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#AE0D00
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #990c01

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Body text and links on white
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Headers, footers and dark-mode surfaces
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
Use with care
  • Text on black or near-black surfaces
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • Black text placed on it
  • Status meaning — pair it with an icon or label, never colour alone
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Any size
Safe as a fill behind white type
Yes
Safe as a 1px border on white
Yes

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

urgentappetisingboldphysical

Red arrives before the rest of the page does. It raises attention and appetite, which is why it runs food, sport and clearance pricing.

At this chroma the association is amplified — it will dominate anything placed beside it, so give it space and use it sparingly. The low lightness adds weight and formality.

Worth knowing

It is also the universal error colour. Use it as a brand accent and users may read a warning that is not there.

Reads as
  • FormalityHigh
  • EnergyHigh
  • Weight70/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#018E99
Analogous left#990142
Analogous right#995801
Split-complement 1#019958
Split-complement 2#014299
Triadic 1#01990C
Triadic 2#0C0199
Tetradic#429901
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°4°

#990c01 sits at 4°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red60.0%
Green4.7%
Blue0.4%
R · 0–255
153
0x99
G · 0–255
12
0x0c
B · 0–255
1
0x01

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%
Magenta92.2%
Yellow99.3%
Key (black)40.0%

Total ink coverage is 232%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#990c01 text on a black background

contrast 2.41:1

Card sample

#990c01 text on a white background

contrast 8.72:1

Card sample

#990c01 on grey

7.96:1

#990c01 on its own surface

8.07:1

#990c01 on its dark surface

2.02:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #990c01;
Background color
Panel with #990c01 background
background-color: #990c01;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #990c01;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(153, 12, 1, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(153, 12, 1, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #990c01;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #990c01, #997101);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #990c01, #999701);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #990c01;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #990c01;
caret-color: #990c01;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #990c01;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #FFE7E6;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #990c01;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#990c01 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #990c01 over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(153, 12, 1, 0.5)
rgb(153 12 1 / 50%)
#990c0180
hsl(4 99% 30% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #990c01 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#990c011a#F5E7E6
20%#990c0133#EBCECC
40%#990c0166#D69E99
60%#990c0199#C26D67
80%#990c01cc#AD3D34

Gradients from #990c01

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #D61101, #990c01 45%, #7F0A01);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #990c01, #7B6501);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #990c01, #018E99);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #F41302 0%, #990c01 45%, #7F0A01 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF5F4, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #CC0169 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #B77901 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #7F0A01 0%, transparent 65%), #990c01;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #990c01

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#990c01 in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
Food and drinkEntertainmentRetailSport
Common UI roles
ButtonsLinksFocus statesCharts
Print note

Sits outside most CMYK gamuts — expect a duller press result, or specify a spot ink.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Too dim on dark surfaces at 2.41:1 — lift it to #EA1202 for body text, or reserve it for fills.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#990c01, answered

What color is #990c01?

#990c01 is a dark electric red, closest to Dark Red (ΔE2000 3.3). It sits at 4° on the hue wheel with 99% saturation and 30% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #990c01?

rgb(153, 12, 1) — 153 red, 12 green and 1 blue out of 255, or 60% / 4.7% / 0.4% by channel.

What is #990c01 in HSL and HSV?

hsl(4, 99%, 30%) and hsv(4, 99%, 60%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #990c01 a light or a dark color?

It is a dark color. Relative luminance is 0.0704 and perceived brightness is 33%, so white text on it reaches 8.72:1.

Should I use black or white text on #990c01?

White. It scores 8.72:1 against #990c01, versus 2.41:1 for black — AAA at any size.

Is #990c01 accessible on a white background?

#990c01 on white scores 8.72:1, which clears AAA at every size.

What is the complementary color of #990c01?

#018E99 sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #019958 and #014299, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #990c01?

For interface work: #FAF5F4 as the surface, #EDC3C0 for borders, #9B504B for secondary text, #009A7F as an accent and #7F0A01 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #990142 and #995801 stays calm, while #018E99 is the loudest partner.

What is #990c01 in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 92%, 99%, 40%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — a color this saturated sits outside most CMYK gamuts and will print duller than it looks here.

Is #990c01 warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 14 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #992C01; nudged cooler, #9A002D.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #990c01?

The red family — its 500 step is #ef4444, ΔE2000 22.3 away. That is a visible difference, so define #990c01 as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #990c01 in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#990c01] or text-[#990c01], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #990c01 with 50% opacity?

rgba(153, 12, 1, 0.5), or #990c0180 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #CC8680; over black, #4D0601.

Is #990c01 a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #990000, ΔE2000 0.9 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #990c01 mean?

As a red, it reads urgent, appetising, bold. Red arrives before the rest of the page does. It raises attention and appetite, which is why it runs food, sport and clearance pricing. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #990c01?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #D61101, #990c01 45%, #7F0A01). For more colour, a short hue run to #7B6501 keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #990c01 in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #990c01 at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.