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yellow · warm

#9caa21

a dark, vivid yellow · warm · closest name: Dark Khaki

Token name suggestion: Shadow Honey

RGB
156, 170, 33
HSL
66°, 68%, 40%
CMYK
8, 0, 81, 33
Luminance
0.3593

#9caa21 is a dark vivid yellow, 66° on the wheel and 30/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (8.19:1). As text it scores 2.57:1 on white — use #717B18 instead. Nearest name is Dark Khaki, nearest Tailwind family is lime.

hsl(66 68% 40%)rgb(156 170 33)Base step 700AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #9caa21 is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#9caa21
Hue
66°
yellow
Saturation
68%
vivid
Lightness
40%
dark
Brightness
67%
HSV value
Perceived
61%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.3593
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
30/100 cool
Color family
Yellow
Tone
Vivid
Best ink
Black
8.19:1
Closest name
Dark Khaki
ΔE2000 9.9
Chroma
66.1
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.704
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
lime
500 · ΔE 11.7
Web-safe
#999933
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue66° of 360°
Saturation68%
Lightness40%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #9caa21.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool30% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red20%
Green80%
Blue0%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#9caa21
HEX (8-digit)#9caa21ff
RGBrgb(156, 170, 33)
RGBArgba(156, 170, 33, 1)
HSLhsl(66, 68%, 40%)
HSV / HSBhsv(66, 81%, 67%)
HWBhwb(66 13% 33%)
CMYKcmyk(8%, 0%, 81%, 33%)
LABlab(66.5 -21.3 62.5)
LCHlch(66.5 66.1 108.8)
OKLCHoklch(0.704 0.151 115.7)
XYZ (D65)xyz(28.36, 35.93, 6.88)
Decimal10267169
Display P3color(display-p3 0.612 0.667 0.129)
Web-safe#999933

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #9caa21;
background-color: #9caa21;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #9caa21;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#9caa21] bg-[#9caa21]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #9caa21;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.612, green: 0.667, blue: 0.129)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.612, green: 0.667, blue: 0.129, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#9CAA21</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFF9CAA21)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFF9CAA21)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(33, 170, 156)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(156, 170, 33)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(156, 170, 33)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 156, 170, 33)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.6118f, 0.6667f, 0.1294f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{156,170,33}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #9caa21 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #9caa21 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#626B15, #EBEED3);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #9caa21 h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #FBFBF3;
  --brand-100: #F6F8E8;
  --brand-200: #EEF2CA;
  --brand-300: #E5EDA1;
  --brand-400: #D8E472;
  --brand-500: #CBDB43;
  --brand-600: #BCCD28;
  --brand-700: #9caa21;
  --brand-800: #7D891B;
  --brand-900: #5B6317;
  --brand-950: #393E0E;
  --brand: #9caa21;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #FAFAF4;
  --brand-border: #E8EDC0;
  --brand-hover: #818C1B;
  --brand-pressed: #656E15;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #232414;
    --brand-ink: #EBEED3;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FBFBF3',
        100: '#F6F8E8',
        200: '#EEF2CA',
        300: '#E5EDA1',
        400: '#D8E472',
        500: '#CBDB43',
        600: '#BCCD28',
        700: '#9caa21',
        800: '#7D891B',
        900: '#5B6317',
        950: '#393E0E',
        DEFAULT: '#9caa21',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #FBFBF3,
  '100': #F6F8E8,
  '200': #EEF2CA,
  '300': #E5EDA1,
  '400': #D8E472,
  '500': #CBDB43,
  '600': #BCCD28,
  '700': #9caa21,
  '800': #7D891B,
  '900': #5B6317,
  '950': #393E0E,
);
$brand-base: #9caa21;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FBFBF3", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#F6F8E8", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#EEF2CA", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#E5EDA1", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#D8E472", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#CBDB43", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#BCCD28", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#9caa21", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#7D891B", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#5B6317", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#393E0E", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #9caa21 · 8.19:1
Use #000000AAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 2.57:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Aa
Black text · 8.19:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Reading the other direction: #9caa21 as text scores 2.57:1 on white and 8.19:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #626B15 at 2.25:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#717B18 · 4.62:1
AA on white−11% L
#717B18
The quick fox
#555D12 · 7.09:1
AAA on white−18% L
#555D12
The quick fox
#9caa21 · 8.19:1
AA on blackalready passes
#9caa21
The quick fox
#9caa21 · 8.19:1
AAA on blackalready passes
#9caa21

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #8C991E is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#9caa21 on white: 2.57:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#9caa21 on black: 8.19:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #9caa21 as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #9caa21.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White2.57:1AaAa
Slate 502.45:1AaAa
Slate 1002.34:1AaAa
Slate 2002.08:1AaAa
Slate 3001.73:1AaAa
Slate 4001.00:1AaAa
Slate 5001.85:1AaAa
Slate 6002.95:1AaAa
Slate 7004.04:1AaAa
Slate 8005.70:1AaAa
Slate 9006.96:1AaAa
Black8.19:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #B6A100
deuteranopia · #B5A32F
tritanopia · #A6A091

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #9caa21 is pinned to step 700; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#FBFBF3
#F6F8E8
#EEF2CA
#E5EDA1
#D8E472
#CBDB43
#BCCD28
#9caa21
#7D891B
#5B6317
#393E0E
Base = 700Lightest = 50 · #FBFBF3Darkest = 950 · #393E0EText step on white = 900
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.038 115.7);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.060 115.7);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.091 115.7);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.118 115.7);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.139 115.7);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.151 115.7);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.151 115.7);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.142 115.7);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.127 115.7);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.106 115.7);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.083 115.7);
}

Colors that work with #9caa21

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000
Black wins here
Surface#FAFAF4
Tinted page background
Border#E8EDC0
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#939B4B
Captions on the surface
Accent#1D32AE
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#626B15
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#F9FBEA
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#232414
Dark-mode background
Hover#818C1B
One step down in lightness
Pressed#656E15
Two steps down
Disabled#AFB388
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#B5C619
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #9caa21

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Text and icons on dark surfaces
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Headers, footers and dark-mode surfaces
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
Use with care
  • Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • Black text placed on it
  • Thin strokes and 1px borders — they disappear on light UI
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Not as text
Safe as a fill behind white type
No — use #626B15
Safe as a 1px border on white
No — use #8C991E

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

optimisticalertcheap-and-cheerfulvisible

The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail.

This is a confident chroma: strong enough to lead a brand, restrained enough to live in an interface all day. The low lightness adds weight and formality.

Worth knowing

Almost never passes contrast against white. Treat it as a surface or a marker, not as text.

Reads as
  • FormalityHigh
  • EnergyMedium-high
  • Weight60/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#2F21AA
Analogous left#AA7321
Analogous right#58AA21
Split-complement 1#2158AA
Split-complement 2#7321AA
Triadic 1#219CAA
Triadic 2#AA219C
Tetradic#21AA73
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°66°

#9caa21 sits at 66°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red61.2%
Green66.7%
Blue12.9%
R · 0–255
156
0x9c
G · 0–255
170
0xaa
B · 0–255
33
0x21

CMYK percentages

Cyan8.2%
Magenta0.0%
Yellow80.6%
Key (black)33.3%

Total ink coverage is 122%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#9caa21 text on a black background

contrast 8.19:1

Card sample

#9caa21 text on a white background

contrast 2.57:1

Card sample

#9caa21 on grey

2.34:1

#9caa21 on its own surface

2.45:1

#9caa21 on its dark surface

6.14:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #9caa21;
Background color
Panel with #9caa21 background
background-color: #9caa21;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #9caa21;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(156, 170, 33, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(156, 170, 33, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #9caa21;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #9caa21, #41AA21);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #9caa21, #21AA23);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #9caa21;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #9caa21;
caret-color: #9caa21;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #9caa21;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #F9FBEA;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #9caa21;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#9caa21 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #9caa21 over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(156, 170, 33, 0.5)
rgb(156 170 33 / 50%)
#9caa2180
hsl(66 68% 40% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #9caa21 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#9caa211a#F5F7E9
20%#9caa2133#EBEED3
40%#9caa2166#D7DDA6
60%#9caa2199#C4CC7A
80%#9caa21cc#B0BB4D

Gradients from #9caa21

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #C6D731, #9caa21 45%, #626B15);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #9caa21, #2D901C);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #9caa21, #2F21AA);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #CDDC4B 0%, #9caa21 45%, #626B15 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAFAF4, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #D58229 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #58C426 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #626B15 0%, transparent 65%), #9caa21;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #9caa21

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#9caa21 in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
RetailLeisureEnergyWarning systems
Common UI roles
ButtonsLinksFocus statesCharts
Print note

Converts to four-color process without much drama. Proof it anyway.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 8.19:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#9caa21, answered

What color is #9caa21?

#9caa21 is a dark vivid yellow, closest to Dark Khaki (ΔE2000 9.9). It sits at 66° on the hue wheel with 68% saturation and 40% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #9caa21?

rgb(156, 170, 33) — 156 red, 170 green and 33 blue out of 255, or 61.2% / 66.7% / 12.9% by channel.

What is #9caa21 in HSL and HSV?

hsl(66, 68%, 40%) and hsv(66, 81%, 67%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #9caa21 a light or a dark color?

It is a mid-tone. Relative luminance is 0.3593 and perceived brightness is 61%, so black text on it reaches 8.19:1.

Should I use black or white text on #9caa21?

Black. It scores 8.19:1 against #9caa21, versus 2.57:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #9caa21 accessible on a white background?

#9caa21 on white scores 2.57:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #717B18 to reach 4.5:1, or #555D12 for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #9caa21?

#2F21AA sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #2158AA and #7321AA, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #9caa21?

For interface work: #FAFAF4 as the surface, #E8EDC0 for borders, #939B4B for secondary text, #1D32AE as an accent and #626B15 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #AA7321 and #58AA21 stays calm, while #2F21AA is the loudest partner.

What is #9caa21 in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(8%, 0%, 81%, 33%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — ask your printer for a proof before committing to a run.

Is #9caa21 warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 30 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #AA8621; nudged cooler, #6AAC1F.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #9caa21?

The lime family — its 500 step is #84cc16, ΔE2000 11.7 away. That is a visible difference, so define #9caa21 as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #9caa21 in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#9caa21] or text-[#9caa21], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #9caa21 with 50% opacity?

rgba(156, 170, 33, 0.5), or #9caa2180 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #CED590; over black, #4E5511.

Is #9caa21 a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #999933, ΔE2000 6.1 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #9caa21 mean?

As a yellow, it reads optimistic, alert, cheap-and-cheerful. The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #9caa21?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #C6D731, #9caa21 45%, #626B15). For more colour, a short hue run to #2D901C keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #9caa21 in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #9caa21 at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.