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red · warm

#af1431

a dark, electric red · warm · closest name: Brown

Token name suggestion: Shadow Ember

RGB
175, 20, 49
HSL
349°, 80%, 38%
CMYK
0, 89, 72, 31
Luminance
0.0984

#af1431 is a dark electric red, 349° on the wheel and 23/100 on the cool side. Put white text on it (7.08:1). As text it scores 7.08:1 on white — safe at any size. Nearest name is Brown, nearest Tailwind family is red.

hsl(349 80% 38%)rgb(175 20 49)Base step 700AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #af1431 is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#af1431
Hue
349°
red
Saturation
80%
electric
Lightness
38%
dark
Brightness
69%
HSV value
Perceived
39%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.0984
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
23/100 cool
Color family
Red
Tone
Electric
Best ink
White
7.08:1
Closest name
Brown
ΔE2000 4.6
Chroma
64.7
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.485
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
red
500 · ΔE 17.6
Web-safe
#990033
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue349° of 360°
Saturation80%
Lightness38%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #af1431.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool23% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red93%
Green5%
Blue2%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#af1431
HEX (8-digit)#af1431ff
RGBrgb(175, 20, 49)
RGBArgba(175, 20, 49, 1)
HSLhsl(349, 80%, 38%)
HSV / HSBhsv(349, 89%, 69%)
HWBhwb(349 8% 31%)
CMYKcmyk(0%, 89%, 72%, 31%)
LABlab(37.5 58.9 26.8)
LCHlch(37.5 64.7 24.5)
OKLCHoklch(0.485 0.184 19.5)
XYZ (D65)xyz(18.49, 9.84, 3.83)
Decimal11473969
Display P3color(display-p3 0.686 0.078 0.192)
Web-safe#990033

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #af1431;
background-color: #af1431;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #af1431;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#af1431] bg-[#af1431]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #af1431;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.686, green: 0.078, blue: 0.192)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.686, green: 0.078, blue: 0.192, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#AF1431</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFAF1431)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFAF1431)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(49, 20, 175)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(175, 20, 49)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(175, 20, 49)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 175, 20, 49)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.6863f, 0.0784f, 0.1922f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{175,20,49}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #af1431 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #af1431 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#720D20, #EED3D8);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #af1431 h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #FCF3F4;
  --brand-100: #F9E6EA;
  --brand-200: #F5C7CF;
  --brand-300: #F39AAB;
  --brand-400: #EE6881;
  --brand-500: #E83657;
  --brand-600: #DC193D;
  --brand-700: #af1431;
  --brand-800: #921129;
  --brand-900: #6A1021;
  --brand-950: #420A15;
  --brand: #af1431;
  --brand-ink: #ffffff;
  --brand-surface: #FAF4F5;
  --brand-border: #EDC0C8;
  --brand-hover: #8F1028;
  --brand-pressed: #6F0D1F;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #241417;
    --brand-ink: #EED3D8;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FCF3F4',
        100: '#F9E6EA',
        200: '#F5C7CF',
        300: '#F39AAB',
        400: '#EE6881',
        500: '#E83657',
        600: '#DC193D',
        700: '#af1431',
        800: '#921129',
        900: '#6A1021',
        950: '#420A15',
        DEFAULT: '#af1431',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #FCF3F4,
  '100': #F9E6EA,
  '200': #F5C7CF,
  '300': #F39AAB,
  '400': #EE6881,
  '500': #E83657,
  '600': #DC193D,
  '700': #af1431,
  '800': #921129,
  '900': #6A1021,
  '950': #420A15,
);
$brand-base: #af1431;
$brand-ink: #ffffff;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FCF3F4", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#F9E6EA", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#F5C7CF", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#F39AAB", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#EE6881", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#E83657", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#DC193D", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#af1431", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#921129", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#6A1021", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#420A15", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#ffffff", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#ffffff on #af1431 · 7.08:1
Use #ffffffAAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 7.08:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Aa
Black text · 2.97:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Reading the other direction: #af1431 as text scores 7.08:1 on white and 2.97:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #FCE8EC at 6.03:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#af1431 · 7.08:1
AA on whitealready passes
#af1431
The quick fox
#af1431 · 7.08:1
AAA on whitealready passes
#af1431
The quick fox
#E51B41 · 4.56:1
AA on black+12% L
#E51B41
The quick fox
#EE6D86 · 7.17:1
AAA on black+30% L
#EE6D86

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #AF1431 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#af1431 on white: 7.08:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#af1431 on black: 2.97:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #af1431 as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #af1431.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White7.08:1AaAa
Slate 506.76:1AaAa
Slate 1006.46:1AaAa
Slate 2005.74:1AaAa
Slate 3004.77:1AaAa
Slate 4002.76:1AaAa
Slate 5001.49:1AaAa
Slate 6001.07:1AaAa
Slate 7001.46:1AaAa
Slate 8002.07:1AaAa
Slate 9002.52:1AaAa
Black2.97:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #494431
deuteranopia · #6E642C
tritanopia · #C10022

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #af1431 is pinned to step 700; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#FCF3F4
#F9E6EA
#F5C7CF
#F39AAB
#EE6881
#E83657
#DC193D
#af1431
#921129
#6A1021
#420A15
Base = 700Lightest = 50 · #FCF3F4Darkest = 950 · #420A15Text step on white = 600
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.046 19.5);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.074 19.5);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.110 19.5);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.144 19.5);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.169 19.5);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.184 19.5);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.184 19.5);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.173 19.5);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.155 19.5);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.129 19.5);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.101 19.5);
}

Colors that work with #af1431

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#ffffff
White wins here
Surface#FAF4F5
Tinted page background
Border#EDC0C8
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#9B4B5A
Captions on the surface
Accent#11BB71
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#720D20
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#FCE8EC
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#241417
Dark-mode background
Hover#8F1028
One step down in lightness
Pressed#6F0D1F
Two steps down
Disabled#B0838C
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#CC0B2F
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #af1431

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Body text and links on white
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Headers, footers and dark-mode surfaces
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
Use with care
  • Text on black or near-black surfaces
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • Black text placed on it
  • Status meaning — pair it with an icon or label, never colour alone
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Any size
Safe as a fill behind white type
Yes
Safe as a 1px border on white
Yes

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

urgentappetisingboldphysical

Red arrives before the rest of the page does. It raises attention and appetite, which is why it runs food, sport and clearance pricing.

At this chroma the association is amplified — it will dominate anything placed beside it, so give it space and use it sparingly. The low lightness adds weight and formality.

Worth knowing

It is also the universal error colour. Use it as a brand accent and users may read a warning that is not there.

Reads as
  • FormalityHigh
  • EnergyHigh
  • Weight62/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#14AF92
Analogous left#AF147E
Analogous right#AF4414
Split-complement 1#14AF44
Split-complement 2#147EAF
Triadic 1#31AF14
Triadic 2#1431AF
Tetradic#7EAF14
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°349°

#af1431 sits at 349°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red68.6%
Green7.8%
Blue19.2%
R · 0–255
175
0xaf
G · 0–255
20
0x14
B · 0–255
49
0x31

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%
Magenta88.6%
Yellow72.0%
Key (black)31.4%

Total ink coverage is 192%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#af1431 text on a black background

contrast 2.97:1

Card sample

#af1431 text on a white background

contrast 7.08:1

Card sample

#af1431 on grey

6.46:1

#af1431 on its own surface

6.51:1

#af1431 on its dark surface

2.50:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #af1431;
Background color
Panel with #af1431 background
background-color: #af1431;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #af1431;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(175, 20, 49, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(175, 20, 49, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #af1431;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #af1431, #AF5E14);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #af1431, #AF8514);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #af1431;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #af1431;
caret-color: #af1431;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #af1431;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #FCE8EC;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #af1431;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#af1431 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #af1431 over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(175, 20, 49, 0.5)
rgb(175 20 49 / 50%)
#af143180
hsl(349 80% 38% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #af1431 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#af14311a#F7E8EA
20%#af143133#EFD0D6
40%#af143166#DFA1AD
60%#af143199#CF7283
80%#af1431cc#BF435A

Gradients from #af1431

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #E51B41, #af1431 45%, #720D20);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #af1431, #935A11);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #af1431, #14AF92);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #E83758 0%, #af1431 45%, #720D20 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF4F5, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #DD19B0 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #CA5E17 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #720D20 0%, transparent 65%), #af1431;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #af1431

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#af1431 in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
Food and drinkEntertainmentRetailSport
Common UI roles
ButtonsLinksFocus statesCharts
Print note

Sits outside most CMYK gamuts — expect a duller press result, or specify a spot ink.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Too dim on dark surfaces at 2.97:1 — lift it to #E51B41 for body text, or reserve it for fills.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#af1431, answered

What color is #af1431?

#af1431 is a dark electric red, closest to Brown (ΔE2000 4.6). It sits at 349° on the hue wheel with 80% saturation and 38% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #af1431?

rgb(175, 20, 49) — 175 red, 20 green and 49 blue out of 255, or 68.6% / 7.8% / 19.2% by channel.

What is #af1431 in HSL and HSV?

hsl(349, 80%, 38%) and hsv(349, 89%, 69%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #af1431 a light or a dark color?

It is a dark color. Relative luminance is 0.0984 and perceived brightness is 39%, so white text on it reaches 7.08:1.

Should I use black or white text on #af1431?

White. It scores 7.08:1 against #af1431, versus 2.97:1 for black — AAA at any size.

Is #af1431 accessible on a white background?

#af1431 on white scores 7.08:1, which clears AAA at every size.

What is the complementary color of #af1431?

#14AF92 sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #14AF44 and #147EAF, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #af1431?

For interface work: #FAF4F5 as the surface, #EDC0C8 for borders, #9B4B5A for secondary text, #11BB71 as an accent and #720D20 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #AF147E and #AF4414 stays calm, while #14AF92 is the loudest partner.

What is #af1431 in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 89%, 72%, 31%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — a color this saturated sits outside most CMYK gamuts and will print duller than it looks here.

Is #af1431 warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 23 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #AF3014; nudged cooler, #B1126A.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #af1431?

The red family — its 500 step is #ef4444, ΔE2000 17.6 away. That is a visible difference, so define #af1431 as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #af1431 in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#af1431] or text-[#af1431], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #af1431 with 50% opacity?

rgba(175, 20, 49, 0.5), or #af143180 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #D78A98; over black, #580A19.

Is #af1431 a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #990033, ΔE2000 6.5 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #af1431 mean?

As a red, it reads urgent, appetising, bold. Red arrives before the rest of the page does. It raises attention and appetite, which is why it runs food, sport and clearance pricing. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #af1431?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #E51B41, #af1431 45%, #720D20). For more colour, a short hue run to #935A11 keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #af1431 in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #af1431 at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.