#af9012
a dark, electric yellow · warm · closest name: Dark Goldenrod
Token name suggestion: Forest Citron
#af9012 is a dark electric yellow, 48° on the wheel and 15/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (6.82:1). As text it scores 3.08:1 on white — large text only. Nearest name is Dark Goldenrod, nearest Tailwind family is yellow.
At a glance
Every number on this page in one read: what #af9012 is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.
Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #af9012.
Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.
Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.
Every format
| HEX | #af9012 |
| HEX (8-digit) | #af9012ff |
| RGB | rgb(175, 144, 18) |
| RGBA | rgba(175, 144, 18, 1) |
| HSL | hsl(48, 81%, 38%) |
| HSV / HSB | hsv(48, 90%, 69%) |
| HWB | hwb(48 7% 31%) |
| CMYK | cmyk(0%, 18%, 90%, 31%) |
| LAB | lab(60.9 0.4 62.3) |
| LCH | lch(60.9 62.3 89.6) |
| OKLCH | oklch(0.663 0.132 92.9) |
| XYZ (D65) | xyz(27.76, 29.11, 4.73) |
| Decimal | 11505682 |
| Display P3 | color(display-p3 0.686 0.565 0.071) |
| Web-safe | #999900 |
Copy-ready code
/* CSS */
color: #af9012;
background-color: #af9012;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #af9012;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#af9012] bg-[#af9012]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #af9012;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.686, green: 0.565, blue: 0.071)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.686, green: 0.565, blue: 0.071, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#AF9012</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFAF9012)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFAF9012)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(18, 144, 175)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(175, 144, 18)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(175, 144, 18)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 175, 144, 18)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.6863f, 0.5647f, 0.0706f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{175,144,18}/* mix without leaving CSS */ background: color-mix(in oklab, #af9012 85%, white); border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #af9012 40%, transparent); /* theme-aware in one line */ color: light-dark(#745F0C, #EEE9D3); /* relative colour syntax */ --hover: hsl(from #af9012 h s calc(l - 7));
Design tokens
The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.
:root {
--brand-50: #FCFAF2;
--brand-100: #F9F6E6;
--brand-200: #F6ECC6;
--brand-300: #F5E399;
--brand-400: #EFD466;
--brand-500: #EAC634;
--brand-600: #DEB717;
--brand-700: #af9012;
--brand-800: #947A0F;
--brand-900: #6B590F;
--brand-950: #43380A;
--brand: #af9012;
--brand-ink: #000000;
--brand-surface: #FAF9F4;
--brand-border: #EDE4C0;
--brand-hover: #8E750F;
--brand-pressed: #6E5B0B;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--brand-surface: #242114;
--brand-ink: #EEE9D3;
}
}theme: {
extend: {
colors: {
brand: {
50: '#FCFAF2',
100: '#F9F6E6',
200: '#F6ECC6',
300: '#F5E399',
400: '#EFD466',
500: '#EAC634',
600: '#DEB717',
700: '#af9012',
800: '#947A0F',
900: '#6B590F',
950: '#43380A',
DEFAULT: '#af9012',
},
},
},
}$brand: (
'50': #FCFAF2,
'100': #F9F6E6,
'200': #F6ECC6,
'300': #F5E399,
'400': #EFD466,
'500': #EAC634,
'600': #DEB717,
'700': #af9012,
'800': #947A0F,
'900': #6B590F,
'950': #43380A,
);
$brand-base: #af9012;
$brand-ink: #000000;
@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }{
"color": {
"brand": {
"50": { "$value": "#FCFAF2", "$type": "color" },
"100": { "$value": "#F9F6E6", "$type": "color" },
"200": { "$value": "#F6ECC6", "$type": "color" },
"300": { "$value": "#F5E399", "$type": "color" },
"400": { "$value": "#EFD466", "$type": "color" },
"500": { "$value": "#EAC634", "$type": "color" },
"600": { "$value": "#DEB717", "$type": "color" },
"700": { "$value": "#af9012", "$type": "color" },
"800": { "$value": "#947A0F", "$type": "color" },
"900": { "$value": "#6B590F", "$type": "color" },
"950": { "$value": "#43380A", "$type": "color" }
},
"brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
}
}Best text color
Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.
Make it accessible
A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.
Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #AF9012 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).
Accessibility — WCAG contrast
Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #af9012 as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #af9012.
| Neutral | Ratio | Verdict | Both directions |
|---|---|---|---|
| White#ffffff | 3.08:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 50#f8fafc | 2.94:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 100#f1f5f9 | 2.81:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 200#e2e8f0 | 2.50:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 300#cbd5e1 | 2.07:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 400#94a3b8 | 1.20:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 500#64748b | 1.55:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 600#475569 | 2.46:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 700#334155 | 3.36:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 800#1e293b | 4.75:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Slate 900#0f172a | 5.80:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
| Black#000000 | 6.82:1 | AAAA lgAAA | AaAa |
Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.
Color scale — 50 to 950
A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #af9012 is pinned to step 700; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.
The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.
:root {
--brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.033 92.9);
--brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.053 92.9);
--brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.079 92.9);
--brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.103 92.9);
--brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.121 92.9);
--brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.132 92.9);
--brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.132 92.9);
--brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.124 92.9);
--brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.111 92.9);
--brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.092 92.9);
--brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.072 92.9);
}Colors that work with #af9012
Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.
Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.
Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.
In real components
The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.
Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.
The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.
How to use #af9012
Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.
- ✓Headings from 24px up on white
- ✓Text and icons on dark surfaces
- ✓Primary buttons and calls to action
- ✓Focus rings, active and selected states
- ✓Headers, footers and dark-mode surfaces
- ✓Brand accents, badges and data highlights
- ⚠Small text on white — under 4.5:1
- ⚠Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
- ⚠Black text placed on it
- ⚠Thin strokes and 1px borders — they disappear on light UI
- ⚠Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Meaning and mood
What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.
The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail.
At this chroma the association is amplified — it will dominate anything placed beside it, so give it space and use it sparingly. The low lightness adds weight and formality.
Almost never passes contrast against white. Treat it as a surface or a marker, not as text.
- FormalityHigh
- EnergyHigh
- Weight62/100
- TemperatureWarm
- ApproachabilityHigh
Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.
Similar colors
One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.
Color relationships
The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.
| Complementary | #1231AF | Directly opposite — maximum tension | |
| Analogous left | #AF4212 | Neighbour, quieter | |
| Analogous right | #7FAF12 | Neighbour, quieter | |
| Split-complement 1 | #127FAF | Contrast without the clash | |
| Split-complement 2 | #4212AF | Contrast without the clash | |
| Triadic 1 | #12AF90 | Even thirds — balanced and loud | |
| Triadic 2 | #9012AF | Even thirds — balanced and loud | |
| Tetradic | #12AF42 | Fourth corner of the square scheme |
#af9012 sits at 48°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.
RGB percentages
CMYK percentages
Total ink coverage is 139%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.
Color previews
#af9012 text on a black background
contrast 6.82:1
#af9012 text on a white background
contrast 3.08:1
#af9012 on grey
2.81:1
#af9012 on its own surface
2.92:1
#af9012 on its dark surface
5.24:1
CSS3 live lab
The quick brown fox
color: #af9012;
background-color: #af9012;
Glowing headline
text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #af9012;
Soft neon halo
text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(175, 144, 18, 0.45);
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(175, 144, 18, 0.45);
border: 3px solid #af9012; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #af9012, #65AF12);
Gradient headline
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #af9012, #3EAF12); -webkit-background-clip: text; color: transparent;
outline: 2px solid #af9012; outline-offset: 3px;
Marked up text
text-decoration-color: #af9012; caret-color: #af9012;
border-left: 4px solid #af9012;
background: #FDF9E8; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #af9012;
background: conic-gradient(#af9012 68%, #e2e8f0 0);
Transparency
What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #af9012 over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.
Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.
rgba(175, 144, 18, 0.5) rgb(175 144 18 / 50%) #af901280 hsl(48 81% 38% / 50%) color-mix(in srgb, #af9012 50%, transparent)
| Alpha | 8-digit hex | Flat on white |
|---|---|---|
| 10% | #af90121a | #F7F4E7 |
| 20% | #af901233 | #EFE9D0 |
| 40% | #af901266 | #DFD3A0 |
| 60% | #af901299 | #CFBC71 |
| 80% | #af9012cc | #BFA641 |
Gradients from #af9012
Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #E6BE18, #af9012 45%, #745F0C);
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #af9012, #4A930F);
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #af9012, #1231AF);
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #EAC633 0%, #af9012 45%, #745F0C 100%);
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF9F4, #ffffff);
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #DD4217 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #84CA15 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #745F0C 0%, transparent 65%), #af9012;
Monochromatic scale
Palettes built from #af9012
Shades — darker
Tints — lighter
Tones — desaturated
Color harmonies
Nearest named colors
Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.
Closest color with a full write-up: Goldenrod (#daa520) — ΔE2000 9.6 away, with its history, psychology and brand usage.
#af9012 in the real world
Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.
Sits outside most CMYK gamuts — expect a duller press result, or specify a spot ink.
Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.
Usable as-is on a dark surface at 6.82:1.
Explore nearby colors
Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.
#af9012, answered
What color is #af9012?
#af9012 is a dark electric yellow, closest to Dark Goldenrod (ΔE2000 6.2). It sits at 48° on the hue wheel with 81% saturation and 38% lightness, which reads as warm.
What is the RGB value of #af9012?
rgb(175, 144, 18) — 175 red, 144 green and 18 blue out of 255, or 68.6% / 56.5% / 7.1% by channel.
What is #af9012 in HSL and HSV?
hsl(48, 81%, 38%) and hsv(48, 90%, 69%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.
Is #af9012 a light or a dark color?
It is a mid-tone. Relative luminance is 0.2910 and perceived brightness is 57%, so black text on it reaches 6.82:1.
Should I use black or white text on #af9012?
Black. It scores 6.82:1 against #af9012, versus 3.08:1 for white — AA at any size.
Is #af9012 accessible on a white background?
#af9012 on white scores 3.08:1, which only clears AA for large text — 18.66px bold or 24px regular and up. Darken it to #8A710E to reach 4.5:1, or #69570B for 7:1.
What is the complementary color of #af9012?
#1231AF sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #127FAF and #4212AF, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.
What colors go well with #af9012?
For interface work: #FAF9F4 as the surface, #EDE4C0 for borders, #9B8B4B for secondary text, #0E58B3 as an accent and #745F0C for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #AF4212 and #7FAF12 stays calm, while #1231AF is the loudest partner.
What is #af9012 in CMYK for printing?
cmyk(0%, 18%, 90%, 31%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — a color this saturated sits outside most CMYK gamuts and will print duller than it looks here.
Is #af9012 warm or cool?
Warm — it scores 15 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #AF6C12; nudged cooler, #95B110.
Which Tailwind color is closest to #af9012?
The yellow family — its 500 step is #eab308, ΔE2000 13.1 away. That is a visible difference, so define #af9012 as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.
How do I use #af9012 in Tailwind CSS?
Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#af9012] or text-[#af9012], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.
What is #af9012 with 50% opacity?
rgba(175, 144, 18, 0.5), or #af901280 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #D7C889; over black, #584809.
Is #af9012 a web-safe color?
No. The nearest web-safe colour is #999900, ΔE2000 9 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.
What does the color #af9012 mean?
As a yellow, it reads optimistic, alert, cheap-and-cheerful. The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.
What gradient works with #af9012?
The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #E6BE18, #af9012 45%, #745F0C). For more colour, a short hue run to #4A930F keeps it rich without turning muddy.
Work with #af9012 in the Color Lab
Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.
Every value on this page is computed from #af9012 at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.