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yellow · warm

#af990f

a dark, electric yellow · warm · closest name: Dark Goldenrod

Token name suggestion: Slate Straw

RGB
175, 153, 15
HSL
52°, 84%, 37%
CMYK
0, 13, 91, 31
Luminance
0.3193

#af990f is a dark electric yellow, 52° on the wheel and 18/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (7.39:1). As text it scores 2.84:1 on white — use #85740B instead. Nearest name is Dark Goldenrod, nearest Tailwind family is yellow.

hsl(52 84% 37%)rgb(175 153 15)Base step 700AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #af990f is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#af990f
Hue
52°
yellow
Saturation
84%
electric
Lightness
37%
dark
Brightness
69%
HSV value
Perceived
59%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.3193
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
18/100 cool
Color family
Yellow
Tone
Electric
Best ink
Black
7.39:1
Closest name
Dark Goldenrod
ΔE2000 9.8
Chroma
64.9
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.682
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
yellow
500 · ΔE 12.6
Web-safe
#999900
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue52° of 360°
Saturation84%
Lightness37%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #af990f.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool18% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red29%
Green71%
Blue0%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#af990f
HEX (8-digit)#af990fff
RGBrgb(175, 153, 15)
RGBArgba(175, 153, 15, 1)
HSLhsl(52, 84%, 37%)
HSV / HSBhsv(52, 91%, 69%)
HWBhwb(52 6% 31%)
CMYKcmyk(0%, 13%, 91%, 31%)
LABlab(63.3 -4.5 64.7)
LCHlch(63.3 64.9 94.0)
OKLCHoklch(0.682 0.138 98.6)
XYZ (D65)xyz(29.16, 31.93, 5.08)
Decimal11507983
Display P3color(display-p3 0.686 0.600 0.059)
Web-safe#999900

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #af990f;
background-color: #af990f;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #af990f;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#af990f] bg-[#af990f]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #af990f;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.686, green: 0.600, blue: 0.059)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.686, green: 0.600, blue: 0.059, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#AF990F</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFAF990F)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFAF990F)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(15, 153, 175)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(175, 153, 15)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(175, 153, 15)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 175, 153, 15)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.6863f, 0.6000f, 0.0588f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{175,153,15}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #af990f 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #af990f 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#75670A, #EEEAD3);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #af990f h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #FCFBF2;
  --brand-100: #FAF7E6;
  --brand-200: #F6F0C5;
  --brand-300: #F6E998;
  --brand-400: #F2DE64;
  --brand-500: #EDD330;
  --brand-600: #E1C513;
  --brand-700: #af990f;
  --brand-800: #96830D;
  --brand-900: #6D5F0E;
  --brand-950: #443C09;
  --brand: #af990f;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #FAFAF4;
  --brand-border: #EDE6C0;
  --brand-hover: #8E7C0C;
  --brand-pressed: #6D6009;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #242214;
    --brand-ink: #EEEAD3;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FCFBF2',
        100: '#FAF7E6',
        200: '#F6F0C5',
        300: '#F6E998',
        400: '#F2DE64',
        500: '#EDD330',
        600: '#E1C513',
        700: '#af990f',
        800: '#96830D',
        900: '#6D5F0E',
        950: '#443C09',
        DEFAULT: '#af990f',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #FCFBF2,
  '100': #FAF7E6,
  '200': #F6F0C5,
  '300': #F6E998,
  '400': #F2DE64,
  '500': #EDD330,
  '600': #E1C513,
  '700': #af990f,
  '800': #96830D,
  '900': #6D5F0E,
  '950': #443C09,
);
$brand-base: #af990f;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FCFBF2", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#FAF7E6", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#F6F0C5", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#F6E998", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#F2DE64", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#EDD330", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#E1C513", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#af990f", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#96830D", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#6D5F0E", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#443C09", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #af990f · 7.39:1
Use #000000AAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 2.84:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Aa
Black text · 7.39:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Reading the other direction: #af990f as text scores 2.84:1 on white and 7.39:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #75670A at 2.00:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#85740B · 4.67:1
AA on white−9% L
#85740B
The quick fox
#645709 · 7.22:1
AAA on white−16% L
#645709
The quick fox
#af990f · 7.39:1
AA on blackalready passes
#af990f
The quick fox
#af990f · 7.39:1
AAA on blackalready passes
#af990f

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #A6910E is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#af990f on white: 2.84:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#af990f on black: 7.39:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #af990f as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #af990f.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White2.84:1AaAa
Slate 502.72:1AaAa
Slate 1002.60:1AaAa
Slate 2002.31:1AaAa
Slate 3001.91:1AaAa
Slate 4001.11:1AaAa
Slate 5001.67:1AaAa
Slate 6002.67:1AaAa
Slate 7003.64:1AaAa
Slate 8005.15:1AaAa
Slate 9006.28:1AaAa
Black7.39:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #AA9500
deuteranopia · #AF9C1E
tritanopia · #BE8C82

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #af990f is pinned to step 700; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#FCFBF2
#FAF7E6
#F6F0C5
#F6E998
#F2DE64
#EDD330
#E1C513
#af990f
#96830D
#6D5F0E
#443C09
Base = 700Lightest = 50 · #FCFBF2Darkest = 950 · #443C09Text step on white = 900
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.035 98.6);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.055 98.6);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.083 98.6);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.108 98.6);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.127 98.6);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.138 98.6);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.138 98.6);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.130 98.6);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.116 98.6);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.097 98.6);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.076 98.6);
}

Colors that work with #af990f

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000
Black wins here
Surface#FAFAF4
Tinted page background
Border#EDE6C0
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#9B904B
Captions on the surface
Accent#0B4CB3
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#75670A
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#FDFAE8
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#242214
Dark-mode background
Hover#8E7C0C
One step down in lightness
Pressed#6D6009
Two steps down
Disabled#AEA880
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#CDB106
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #af990f

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Text and icons on dark surfaces
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Headers, footers and dark-mode surfaces
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
Use with care
  • Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • Black text placed on it
  • Thin strokes and 1px borders — they disappear on light UI
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Not as text
Safe as a fill behind white type
No — use #75670A
Safe as a 1px border on white
No — use #A6910E

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

optimisticalertcheap-and-cheerfulvisible

The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail.

At this chroma the association is amplified — it will dominate anything placed beside it, so give it space and use it sparingly. The low lightness adds weight and formality.

Worth knowing

Almost never passes contrast against white. Treat it as a surface or a marker, not as text.

Reads as
  • FormalityHigh
  • EnergyHigh
  • Weight63/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#0F25AF
Analogous left#AF490F
Analogous right#75AF0F
Split-complement 1#0F75AF
Split-complement 2#490FAF
Triadic 1#0FAF99
Triadic 2#990FAF
Tetradic#0FAF49
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°52°

#af990f sits at 52°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red68.6%
Green60.0%
Blue5.9%
R · 0–255
175
0xaf
G · 0–255
153
0x99
B · 0–255
15
0x0f

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%
Magenta12.6%
Yellow91.4%
Key (black)31.4%

Total ink coverage is 135%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#af990f text on a black background

contrast 7.39:1

Card sample

#af990f text on a white background

contrast 2.84:1

Card sample

#af990f on grey

2.60:1

#af990f on its own surface

2.71:1

#af990f on its dark surface

5.62:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #af990f;
Background color
Panel with #af990f background
background-color: #af990f;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #af990f;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(175, 153, 15, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(175, 153, 15, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #af990f;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #af990f, #5BAF0F);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #af990f, #33AF0F);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #af990f;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #af990f;
caret-color: #af990f;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #af990f;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #FDFAE8;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #af990f;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#af990f 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #af990f over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(175, 153, 15, 0.5)
rgb(175 153 15 / 50%)
#af990f80
hsl(52 84% 37% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #af990f 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#af990f1a#F7F5E7
20%#af990f33#EFEBCF
40%#af990f66#DFD69F
60%#af990f99#CFC26F
80%#af990fcc#BFAD3F

Gradients from #af990f

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #E8CA14, #af990f 45%, #75670A);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #af990f, #41930D);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #af990f, #0F25AF);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #EDD22D 0%, #af990f 45%, #75670A 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAFAF4, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #DE4C13 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #79CB11 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #75670A 0%, transparent 65%), #af990f;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #af990f

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#af990f in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
RetailLeisureEnergyWarning systems
Common UI roles
ButtonsLinksFocus statesCharts
Print note

Sits outside most CMYK gamuts — expect a duller press result, or specify a spot ink.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 7.39:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#af990f, answered

What color is #af990f?

#af990f is a dark electric yellow, closest to Dark Goldenrod (ΔE2000 9.8). It sits at 52° on the hue wheel with 84% saturation and 37% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #af990f?

rgb(175, 153, 15) — 175 red, 153 green and 15 blue out of 255, or 68.6% / 60% / 5.9% by channel.

What is #af990f in HSL and HSV?

hsl(52, 84%, 37%) and hsv(52, 91%, 69%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #af990f a light or a dark color?

It is a mid-tone. Relative luminance is 0.3193 and perceived brightness is 59%, so black text on it reaches 7.39:1.

Should I use black or white text on #af990f?

Black. It scores 7.39:1 against #af990f, versus 2.84:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #af990f accessible on a white background?

#af990f on white scores 2.84:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #85740B to reach 4.5:1, or #645709 for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #af990f?

#0F25AF sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #0F75AF and #490FAF, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #af990f?

For interface work: #FAFAF4 as the surface, #EDE6C0 for borders, #9B904B for secondary text, #0B4CB3 as an accent and #75670A for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #AF490F and #75AF0F stays calm, while #0F25AF is the loudest partner.

What is #af990f in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 13%, 91%, 31%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — a color this saturated sits outside most CMYK gamuts and will print duller than it looks here.

Is #af990f warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 18 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #AF700F; nudged cooler, #8CB10D.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #af990f?

The yellow family — its 500 step is #eab308, ΔE2000 12.6 away. That is a visible difference, so define #af990f as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #af990f in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#af990f] or text-[#af990f], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #af990f with 50% opacity?

rgba(175, 153, 15, 0.5), or #af990f80 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #D7CC87; over black, #584D08.

Is #af990f a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #999900, ΔE2000 6.2 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #af990f mean?

As a yellow, it reads optimistic, alert, cheap-and-cheerful. The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #af990f?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #E8CA14, #af990f 45%, #75670A). For more colour, a short hue run to #41930D keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #af990f in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #af990f at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.