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yellow · warm

#c9b02a

a balanced, vivid yellow · warm · closest name: Goldenrod

Token name suggestion: Signal Citron

RGB
201, 176, 42
HSL
51°, 65%, 48%
CMYK
0, 12, 79, 21
Luminance
0.4364

#c9b02a is a balanced vivid yellow, 51° on the wheel and 17/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (9.73:1). As text it scores 2.16:1 on white — use #85751C instead. Nearest name is Goldenrod, nearest Tailwind family is yellow.

hsl(51 65% 48%)rgb(201 176 42)Base step 600AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #c9b02a is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#c9b02a
Hue
51°
yellow
Saturation
65%
vivid
Lightness
48%
balanced
Brightness
79%
HSV value
Perceived
68%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.4364
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
17/100 cool
Color family
Yellow
Tone
Vivid
Best ink
Black
9.73:1
Closest name
Goldenrod
ΔE2000 8.1
Chroma
66.4
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.757
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
yellow
500 · ΔE 8.2
Web-safe
#CC9933
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue51° of 360°
Saturation65%
Lightness48%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #c9b02a.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool17% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red28%
Green71%
Blue0%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#c9b02a
HEX (8-digit)#c9b02aff
RGBrgb(201, 176, 42)
RGBArgba(201, 176, 42, 1)
HSLhsl(51, 65%, 48%)
HSV / HSBhsv(51, 79%, 79%)
HWBhwb(51 16% 21%)
CMYKcmyk(0%, 12%, 79%, 21%)
LABlab(72.0 -4.5 66.2)
LCHlch(72.0 66.4 93.8)
OKLCHoklch(0.757 0.145 97.9)
XYZ (D65)xyz(40.03, 43.64, 8.50)
Decimal13217834
Display P3color(display-p3 0.788 0.690 0.165)
Web-safe#CC9933

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #c9b02a;
background-color: #c9b02a;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #c9b02a;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#c9b02a] bg-[#c9b02a]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #c9b02a;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.788, green: 0.690, blue: 0.165)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.788, green: 0.690, blue: 0.165, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#C9B02A</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFC9B02A)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFC9B02A)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(42, 176, 201)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(201, 176, 42)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(201, 176, 42)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 201, 176, 42)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.7882f, 0.6902f, 0.1647f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{201,176,42}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #c9b02a 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #c9b02a 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#695C16, #EEEAD3);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #c9b02a h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #FBFAF3;
  --brand-100: #F8F5E8;
  --brand-200: #F1EBCB;
  --brand-300: #ECE0A2;
  --brand-400: #E2D174;
  --brand-500: #D8C145;
  --brand-600: #c9b02a;
  --brand-700: #A99423;
  --brand-800: #87761C;
  --brand-900: #625618;
  --brand-950: #3D360F;
  --brand: #c9b02a;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #FAF9F4;
  --brand-border: #EDE6C0;
  --brand-hover: #AB9624;
  --brand-pressed: #8E7C1E;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #242214;
    --brand-ink: #EEEAD3;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FBFAF3',
        100: '#F8F5E8',
        200: '#F1EBCB',
        300: '#ECE0A2',
        400: '#E2D174',
        500: '#D8C145',
        600: '#c9b02a',
        700: '#A99423',
        800: '#87761C',
        900: '#625618',
        950: '#3D360F',
        DEFAULT: '#c9b02a',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #FBFAF3,
  '100': #F8F5E8,
  '200': #F1EBCB,
  '300': #ECE0A2,
  '400': #E2D174,
  '500': #D8C145,
  '600': #c9b02a,
  '700': #A99423,
  '800': #87761C,
  '900': #625618,
  '950': #3D360F,
);
$brand-base: #c9b02a;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FBFAF3", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#F8F5E8", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#F1EBCB", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#ECE0A2", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#E2D174", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#D8C145", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#c9b02a", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#A99423", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#87761C", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#625618", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#3D360F", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #c9b02a · 9.73:1
Use #000000AAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 2.16:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Aa
Black text · 9.73:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Reading the other direction: #c9b02a as text scores 2.16:1 on white and 9.73:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #695C16 at 3.09:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#85751C · 4.61:1
AA on white−16% L
#85751C
The quick fox
#645715 · 7.20:1
AAA on white−24% L
#645715
The quick fox
#c9b02a · 9.73:1
AA on blackalready passes
#c9b02a
The quick fox
#c9b02a · 9.73:1
AAA on blackalready passes
#c9b02a

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #A79223 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#c9b02a on white: 2.16:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#c9b02a on black: 9.73:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #c9b02a as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #c9b02a.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White2.16:1AaAa
Slate 502.06:1AaAa
Slate 1001.97:1AaAa
Slate 2001.75:1AaAa
Slate 3001.45:1AaAa
Slate 4001.19:1AaAa
Slate 5002.20:1AaAa
Slate 6003.51:1AaAa
Slate 7004.80:1AaAa
Slate 8006.78:1AaAa
Slate 9008.27:1AaAa
Black9.73:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #C2AC04
deuteranopia · #C9B434
tritanopia · #D9A297

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #c9b02a is pinned to step 600; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#FBFAF3
#F8F5E8
#F1EBCB
#ECE0A2
#E2D174
#D8C145
#c9b02a
#A99423
#87761C
#625618
#3D360F
Base = 600Lightest = 50 · #FBFAF3Darkest = 950 · #3D360FText step on white = 800
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.036 97.9);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.058 97.9);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.087 97.9);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.113 97.9);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.133 97.9);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.145 97.9);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.145 97.9);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.136 97.9);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.122 97.9);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.101 97.9);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.080 97.9);
}

Colors that work with #c9b02a

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000
Black wins here
Surface#FAF9F4
Tinted page background
Border#EDE6C0
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#9B8E4B
Captions on the surface
Accent#256ACE
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#695C16
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#FBF8EA
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#242214
Dark-mode background
Hover#AB9624
One step down in lightness
Pressed#8E7C1E
Two steps down
Disabled#C3BDA0
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#E1C327
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #c9b02a

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Text and icons on dark surfaces
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
  • Chart series and data categories
Use with care
  • Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • Thin strokes and 1px borders — they disappear on light UI
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Not as text
Safe as a fill behind white type
No — use #695C16
Safe as a 1px border on white
No — use #A79223

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

optimisticalertcheap-and-cheerfulvisible

The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail.

This is a confident chroma: strong enough to lead a brand, restrained enough to live in an interface all day. The mid lightness keeps it versatile in both themes.

Worth knowing

Almost never passes contrast against white. Treat it as a surface or a marker, not as text.

Reads as
  • FormalityMedium
  • EnergyMedium-high
  • Weight52/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#2A43C9
Analogous left#C9612A
Analogous right#92C92A
Split-complement 1#2A92C9
Split-complement 2#612AC9
Triadic 1#2AC9B0
Triadic 2#B02AC9
Tetradic#2AC961
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°51°

#c9b02a sits at 51°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red78.8%
Green69.0%
Blue16.5%
R · 0–255
201
0xc9
G · 0–255
176
0xb0
B · 0–255
42
0x2a

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%
Magenta12.4%
Yellow79.1%
Key (black)21.2%

Total ink coverage is 113%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#c9b02a text on a black background

contrast 9.73:1

Card sample

#c9b02a text on a white background

contrast 2.16:1

Card sample

#c9b02a on grey

1.97:1

#c9b02a on its own surface

2.05:1

#c9b02a on its dark surface

7.40:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #c9b02a;
Background color
Panel with #c9b02a background
background-color: #c9b02a;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #c9b02a;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(201, 176, 42, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(201, 176, 42, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #c9b02a;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #c9b02a, #78C92A);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #c9b02a, #50C92A);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #c9b02a;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #c9b02a;
caret-color: #c9b02a;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #c9b02a;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #FBF8EA;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #c9b02a;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#c9b02a 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #c9b02a over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(201, 176, 42, 0.5)
rgb(201 176 42 / 50%)
#c9b02a80
hsl(51 65% 48% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #c9b02a 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#c9b02a1a#FAF7EA
20%#c9b02a33#F4EFD4
40%#c9b02a66#E9DFAA
60%#c9b02a99#DFD07F
80%#c9b02acc#D4C055

Gradients from #c9b02a

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #DBC655, #c9b02a 45%, #695C16);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #c9b02a, #5DAF25);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #c9b02a, #2A43C9);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #E1CF6E 0%, #c9b02a 45%, #695C16 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF9F4, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #DA714C 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #94D63B 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #695C16 0%, transparent 65%), #c9b02a;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #c9b02a

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#c9b02a in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
RetailLeisureEnergyWarning systems
Common UI roles
ButtonsLinksFocus statesCharts
Print note

Converts to four-color process without much drama. Proof it anyway.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 9.73:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#c9b02a, answered

What color is #c9b02a?

#c9b02a is a balanced vivid yellow, closest to Goldenrod (ΔE2000 8.1). It sits at 51° on the hue wheel with 65% saturation and 48% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #c9b02a?

rgb(201, 176, 42) — 201 red, 176 green and 42 blue out of 255, or 78.8% / 69% / 16.5% by channel.

What is #c9b02a in HSL and HSV?

hsl(51, 65%, 48%) and hsv(51, 79%, 79%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #c9b02a a light or a dark color?

It is a mid-tone. Relative luminance is 0.4364 and perceived brightness is 68%, so black text on it reaches 9.73:1.

Should I use black or white text on #c9b02a?

Black. It scores 9.73:1 against #c9b02a, versus 2.16:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #c9b02a accessible on a white background?

#c9b02a on white scores 2.16:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #85751C to reach 4.5:1, or #645715 for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #c9b02a?

#2A43C9 sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #2A92C9 and #612AC9, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #c9b02a?

For interface work: #FAF9F4 as the surface, #EDE6C0 for borders, #9B8E4B for secondary text, #256ACE as an accent and #695C16 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #C9612A and #92C92A stays calm, while #2A43C9 is the loudest partner.

What is #c9b02a in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 12%, 79%, 21%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — ask your printer for a proof before committing to a run.

Is #c9b02a warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 17 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #C9882A; nudged cooler, #A9CB28.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #c9b02a?

The yellow family — its 500 step is #eab308, ΔE2000 8.2 away. That is a visible difference, so define #c9b02a as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #c9b02a in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#c9b02a] or text-[#c9b02a], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #c9b02a with 50% opacity?

rgba(201, 176, 42, 0.5), or #c9b02a80 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #E4D895; over black, #655815.

Is #c9b02a a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #CC9933, ΔE2000 10.3 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #c9b02a mean?

As a yellow, it reads optimistic, alert, cheap-and-cheerful. The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #c9b02a?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #DBC655, #c9b02a 45%, #695C16). For more colour, a short hue run to #5DAF25 keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #c9b02a in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #c9b02a at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.