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orange · warm

#d88421

a balanced, vivid orange · warm · closest name: Peru

Token name suggestion: Studio Apricot

RGB
216, 132, 33
HSL
33°, 74%, 49%
CMYK
0, 39, 85, 15
Luminance
0.3121

#d88421 is a balanced vivid orange, 33° on the wheel and 2/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (7.24:1). As text it scores 2.90:1 on white — use #A7661A instead. Nearest name is Peru, nearest Tailwind family is amber.

hsl(33 74% 49%)rgb(216 132 33)Base step 600AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #d88421 is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#d88421
Hue
33°
orange
Saturation
74%
vivid
Lightness
49%
balanced
Brightness
85%
HSV value
Perceived
61%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.3121
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
2/100 cool
Color family
Orange
Tone
Vivid
Best ink
Black
7.24:1
Closest name
Peru
ΔE2000 4.1
Chroma
66.7
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.688
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
amber
500 · ΔE 9
Web-safe
#CC9933
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue33° of 360°
Saturation74%
Lightness49%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #d88421.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool2% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red47%
Green53%
Blue0%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#d88421
HEX (8-digit)#d88421ff
RGBrgb(216, 132, 33)
RGBArgba(216, 132, 33, 1)
HSLhsl(33, 74%, 49%)
HSV / HSBhsv(32, 85%, 85%)
HWBhwb(33 13% 15%)
CMYKcmyk(0%, 39%, 85%, 15%)
LABlab(62.7 25.4 61.6)
LCHlch(62.7 66.7 67.6)
OKLCHoklch(0.688 0.146 63.7)
XYZ (D65)xyz(36.85, 31.22, 5.52)
Decimal14189601
Display P3color(display-p3 0.847 0.518 0.129)
Web-safe#CC9933

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #d88421;
background-color: #d88421;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #d88421;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#d88421] bg-[#d88421]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #d88421;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.847, green: 0.518, blue: 0.129)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.847, green: 0.518, blue: 0.129, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#D88421</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFD88421)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFD88421)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(33, 132, 216)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(216, 132, 33)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(216, 132, 33)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 216, 132, 33)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.8471f, 0.5176f, 0.1294f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{216,132,33}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #d88421 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #d88421 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#6F4411, #EEE2D3);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #d88421 h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #FCF8F3;
  --brand-100: #F8F0E7;
  --brand-200: #F3E0C8;
  --brand-300: #F0CA9E;
  --brand-400: #E9B06D;
  --brand-500: #E1963C;
  --brand-600: #d88421;
  --brand-700: #B16C1B;
  --brand-800: #8E5716;
  --brand-900: #674114;
  --brand-950: #40280C;
  --brand: #d88421;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #FAF8F4;
  --brand-border: #EDD8C0;
  --brand-hover: #B9711C;
  --brand-pressed: #9A5E18;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #241D14;
    --brand-ink: #EEE2D3;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FCF8F3',
        100: '#F8F0E7',
        200: '#F3E0C8',
        300: '#F0CA9E',
        400: '#E9B06D',
        500: '#E1963C',
        600: '#d88421',
        700: '#B16C1B',
        800: '#8E5716',
        900: '#674114',
        950: '#40280C',
        DEFAULT: '#d88421',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #FCF8F3,
  '100': #F8F0E7,
  '200': #F3E0C8,
  '300': #F0CA9E,
  '400': #E9B06D,
  '500': #E1963C,
  '600': #d88421,
  '700': #B16C1B,
  '800': #8E5716,
  '900': #674114,
  '950': #40280C,
);
$brand-base: #d88421;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FCF8F3", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#F8F0E7", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#F3E0C8", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#F0CA9E", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#E9B06D", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#E1963C", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#d88421", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#B16C1B", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#8E5716", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#674114", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#40280C", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #d88421 · 7.24:1
Use #000000AAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 2.90:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Aa
Black text · 7.24:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Reading the other direction: #d88421 as text scores 2.90:1 on white and 7.24:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #6F4411 at 2.88:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#A7661A · 4.61:1
AA on white−11% L
#A7661A
The quick fox
#7F4E13 · 7.00:1
AAA on white−20% L
#7F4E13
The quick fox
#d88421 · 7.24:1
AA on blackalready passes
#d88421
The quick fox
#d88421 · 7.24:1
AAA on blackalready passes
#d88421

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #D38120 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#d88421 on white: 2.90:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#d88421 on black: 7.24:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #d88421 as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #d88421.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White2.90:1AaAa
Slate 502.77:1AaAa
Slate 1002.65:1AaAa
Slate 2002.35:1AaAa
Slate 3001.95:1AaAa
Slate 4001.13:1AaAa
Slate 5001.64:1AaAa
Slate 6002.61:1AaAa
Slate 7003.57:1AaAa
Slate 8005.04:1AaAa
Slate 9006.16:1AaAa
Black7.24:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #9F8C07
deuteranopia · #B29F23
tritanopia · #EC7072

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #d88421 is pinned to step 600; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#FCF8F3
#F8F0E7
#F3E0C8
#F0CA9E
#E9B06D
#E1963C
#d88421
#B16C1B
#8E5716
#674114
#40280C
Base = 600Lightest = 50 · #FCF8F3Darkest = 950 · #40280CText step on white = 800
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.036 63.7);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.058 63.7);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.087 63.7);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.114 63.7);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.134 63.7);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.146 63.7);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.146 63.7);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.137 63.7);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.122 63.7);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.102 63.7);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.080 63.7);
}

Colors that work with #d88421

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000
Black wins here
Surface#FAF8F4
Tinted page background
Border#EDD8C0
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#9B764B
Captions on the surface
Accent#1787B5
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#6F4411
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#FCF3E9
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#241D14
Dark-mode background
Hover#B9711C
One step down in lightness
Pressed#9A5E18
Two steps down
Disabled#C5B6A4
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#EB8F22
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #d88421

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Text and icons on dark surfaces
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
  • Chart series and data categories
Use with care
  • Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Not as text
Safe as a fill behind white type
No — use #6F4411
Safe as a 1px border on white
No — use #D38120

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

friendlyenergeticaffordablesocial

Orange is red with the aggression taken out — approachable, active, and strongly associated with buying and doing.

This is a confident chroma: strong enough to lead a brand, restrained enough to live in an interface all day. The mid lightness keeps it versatile in both themes.

Worth knowing

Hard to make feel premium, and it collides with the "caution" band in status systems.

Reads as
  • FormalityMedium
  • EnergyMedium-high
  • Weight51/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#2175D8
Analogous left#D82921
Analogous right#D0D821
Split-complement 1#21D0D8
Split-complement 2#2921D8
Triadic 1#21D884
Triadic 2#8421D8
Tetradic#21D829
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°33°

#d88421 sits at 33°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red84.7%
Green51.8%
Blue12.9%
R · 0–255
216
0xd8
G · 0–255
132
0x84
B · 0–255
33
0x21

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%
Magenta38.9%
Yellow84.7%
Key (black)15.3%

Total ink coverage is 139%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#d88421 text on a black background

contrast 7.24:1

Card sample

#d88421 text on a white background

contrast 2.90:1

Card sample

#d88421 on grey

2.65:1

#d88421 on its own surface

2.73:1

#d88421 on its dark surface

5.74:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #d88421;
Background color
Panel with #d88421 background
background-color: #d88421;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #d88421;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(216, 132, 33, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(216, 132, 33, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #d88421;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #d88421, #B2D821);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d88421, #84D821);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #d88421;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #d88421;
caret-color: #d88421;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #d88421;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #FCF3E9;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #d88421;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#d88421 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #d88421 over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(216, 132, 33, 0.5)
rgb(216 132 33 / 50%)
#d8842180
hsl(33 74% 49% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #d88421 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#d884211a#FBF3E9
20%#d8842133#F7E6D3
40%#d8842166#EFCEA6
60%#d8842199#E8B57A
80%#d88421cc#E09D4D

Gradients from #d88421

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #E5A152, #d88421 45%, #6F4411);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #d88421, #8FBD1D);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d88421, #2175D8);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #E9B06C 0%, #d88421 45%, #6F4411 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF8F4, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #E3494F 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #CBE037 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #6F4411 0%, transparent 65%), #d88421;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #d88421

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#d88421 in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
E-commerceFood deliveryLogisticsCreator tools
Common UI roles
ButtonsLinksFocus statesCharts
Print note

Converts to four-color process without much drama. Proof it anyway.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 7.24:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#d88421, answered

What color is #d88421?

#d88421 is a balanced vivid orange, closest to Peru (ΔE2000 4.1). It sits at 33° on the hue wheel with 74% saturation and 49% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #d88421?

rgb(216, 132, 33) — 216 red, 132 green and 33 blue out of 255, or 84.7% / 51.8% / 12.9% by channel.

What is #d88421 in HSL and HSV?

hsl(33, 74%, 49%) and hsv(32, 85%, 85%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #d88421 a light or a dark color?

It is a mid-tone. Relative luminance is 0.3121 and perceived brightness is 61%, so black text on it reaches 7.24:1.

Should I use black or white text on #d88421?

Black. It scores 7.24:1 against #d88421, versus 2.90:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #d88421 accessible on a white background?

#d88421 on white scores 2.90:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #A7661A to reach 4.5:1, or #7F4E13 for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #d88421?

#2175D8 sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #21D0D8 and #2921D8, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #d88421?

For interface work: #FAF8F4 as the surface, #EDD8C0 for borders, #9B764B for secondary text, #1787B5 as an accent and #6F4411 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #D82921 and #D0D821 stays calm, while #2175D8 is the loudest partner.

What is #d88421 in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 39%, 85%, 15%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — ask your printer for a proof before committing to a run.

Is #d88421 warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 2 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #E08533; nudged cooler, #DAC91E.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #d88421?

The amber family — its 500 step is #f59e0b, ΔE2000 9 away. That is a visible difference, so define #d88421 as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #d88421 in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#d88421] or text-[#d88421], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #d88421 with 50% opacity?

rgba(216, 132, 33, 0.5), or #d8842180 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #ECC290; over black, #6C4211.

Is #d88421 a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #CC9933, ΔE2000 10 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #d88421 mean?

As a orange, it reads friendly, energetic, affordable. Orange is red with the aggression taken out — approachable, active, and strongly associated with buying and doing. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #d88421?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #E5A152, #d88421 45%, #6F4411). For more colour, a short hue run to #8FBD1D keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #d88421 in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #d88421 at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.