magenta / pink · warm

#f9bedf

a pale, electric magenta / pink · warm · closest name: Pink

Token name suggestion: Mist Ruby

RGB

249, 190, 223

HSL

326°, 83%, 86%

CMYK

0, 24, 10, 2

Luminance

0.6229

#f9bedf is a pale electric magenta / pink, 326° on the wheel and 35/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (13.46:1). As text it scores 1.56:1 on white — use #E11587 instead. Nearest name is Pink, nearest Tailwind family is pink.

hsl(326 83% 86%)rgb(249 190 223)Base step 200AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #f9bedf is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex

#f9bedf

Hue

326°

magenta / pink

Saturation

83%

electric

Lightness

86%

pale

Brightness

98%

HSV value

Perceived

84%

weighted brightness

Luminance

0.6229

WCAG relative

Temperature

Warm

35/100 cool

Color family

Magenta / pink

Tone

Electric

Best ink

Black

13.46:1

Closest name

Pink

ΔE2000 7.2

Chroma

27.5

LCH, 0–130ish

OKLCH L

0.864

perceptual lightness

Tailwind

pink

500 · ΔE 24.5

Web-safe

#FFCCCC

nearest of 216

Where it sits

Hue326° of 360°

Saturation83%

Lightness86%

Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #f9bedf.

Temperature

Warm ← → Cool35% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Warmer#F9BEC9 This color#f9bedf Cooler#FABDF5

Luminance by channel

Red32%

Green59%

Blue9%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX	#f9bedf
HEX (8-digit)	#f9bedfff
RGB	rgb(249, 190, 223)
RGBA	rgba(249, 190, 223, 1)
HSL	hsl(326, 83%, 86%)
HSV / HSB	hsv(326, 24%, 98%)
HWB	hwb(326 75% 2%)
CMYK	cmyk(0%, 24%, 10%, 2%)
LAB	lab(83.1 26.2 -8.2)
LCH	lch(83.1 27.5 342.6)
OKLCH	oklch(0.864 0.080 344.3)
XYZ (D65)	xyz(70.80, 62.30, 78.09)
Decimal	16367327
Display P3	color(display-p3 0.976 0.745 0.875)
Web-safe	#FFCCCC

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select

/* CSS */
color: #f9bedf;
background-color: #f9bedf;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #f9bedf;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#f9bedf] bg-[#f9bedf]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #f9bedf;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.976, green: 0.745, blue: 0.875)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.976, green: 0.745, blue: 0.875, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#F9BEDF</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFF9BEDF)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFF9BEDF)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(223, 190, 249)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(249, 190, 223)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(249, 190, 223)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 249, 190, 223)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.9765f, 0.7451f, 0.8745f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{249,190,223}

modern cssclick to select

/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #f9bedf 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #f9bedf 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#750B46, #EED3E2);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #f9bedf h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select

:root {
  --brand-50: #FCF2F8;
  --brand-100: #FAE6F1;
  --brand-200: #f9bedf;
  --brand-300: #F698CC;
  --brand-400: #F165B3;
  --brand-500: #EC329A;
  --brand-600: #E01587;
  --brand-700: #BB1170;
  --brand-800: #950E5A;
  --brand-900: #6C0E43;
  --brand-950: #43092A;
  --brand: #f9bedf;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #FAF4F8;
  --brand-border: #EDC0D9;
  --brand-hover: #F69DCF;
  --brand-pressed: #F37DBF;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #24141D;
    --brand-ink: #EED3E2;
  }
}

tailwind.config.jsclick to select

theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#FCF2F8',
        100: '#FAE6F1',
        200: '#f9bedf',
        300: '#F698CC',
        400: '#F165B3',
        500: '#EC329A',
        600: '#E01587',
        700: '#BB1170',
        800: '#950E5A',
        900: '#6C0E43',
        950: '#43092A',
        DEFAULT: '#f9bedf',
      },
    },
  },
}

scss mapclick to select

$brand: (
  '50': #FCF2F8,
  '100': #FAE6F1,
  '200': #f9bedf,
  '300': #F698CC,
  '400': #F165B3,
  '500': #EC329A,
  '600': #E01587,
  '700': #BB1170,
  '800': #950E5A,
  '900': #6C0E43,
  '950': #43092A,
);
$brand-base: #f9bedf;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }

w3c design tokens (json)click to select

{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#FCF2F8", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#FAE6F1", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#f9bedf", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#F698CC", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#F165B3", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#EC329A", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#E01587", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#BB1170", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#950E5A", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#6C0E43", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#43092A", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #f9bedf · 13.46:1

Use #000000 — AAA at every size.

12px

16px

24px

White text · 1.56:1

AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail

Black text · 13.46:1 · recommended

AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass

Reading the other direction: #f9bedf as text scores 1.56:1 on white and 13.46:1 on black.

Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #750B46 at 7.11:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox

#E11587 · 4.51:1

AA on white−38% L

#E11587

The quick fox

#A91065 · 7.12:1

AAA on white−50% L

#A91065

The quick fox

#f9bedf · 13.46:1

AA on blackalready passes

#f9bedf

The quick fox

#f9bedf · 13.46:1

AAA on blackalready passes

#f9bedf

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #F05CAF is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

#f9bedf on white: 1.56:1

AA ✗ fail · AA-large ✗ · AAA ✗

#f9bedf on black: 13.46:1

AA ✓ pass · AA-large ✓ · AAA ✓

Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #f9bedf as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #f9bedf.

Neutral	Ratio	Verdict	Both directions
White#ffffff	1.56:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 50#f8fafc	1.49:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 100#f1f5f9	1.42:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 200#e2e8f0	1.27:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 300#cbd5e1	1.05:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 400#94a3b8	1.64:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 500#64748b	3.05:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 600#475569	4.86:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 700#334155	6.64:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 800#1e293b	9.38:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Slate 900#0f172a	11.44:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa
Black#000000	13.46:1	AAAA lgAAA	AaAa

Colour vision deficiency

true color

protanopia · #C1C9E0

deuteranopia · #CFD2DD

tritanopia · #FFBEC9

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #f9bedf is pinned to step 200; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

50 100 200base 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 950

#FCF2F8

#FAE6F1

#f9bedf

#F698CC

#F165B3

#EC329A

#E01587

#BB1170

#950E5A

#6C0E43

#43092A

Base = 200Lightest = 50 · #FCF2F8Darkest = 950 · #43092AText step on white = 600

Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950

oklch tokensclick to select

:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.020 344.3);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.032 344.3);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.048 344.3);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.062 344.3);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.073 344.3);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.080 344.3);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.080 344.3);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.075 344.3);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.067 344.3);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.056 344.3);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.044 344.3);
}

Colors that work with #f9bedf

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000

Black wins here

Surface#FAF4F8

Tinted page background

Border#EDC0D9

Hairlines and dividers

Muted text#9B4B78

Captions on the surface

Accent#0EBE2E

Second voice, not a rival

Dark variant#750B46

Hover, pressed, headers

Light variant#FDE8F4

Selected rows, tints

Dark surface#24141D

Dark-mode background

Hover#F69DCF

One step down in lightness

Pressed#F37DBF

Two steps down

Disabled#F7F3F5

Chroma pulled out

Focus ring#FDCEE9

Offset from the fill so it reads

Light mode

Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge

Dark mode

Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states

Save changesHoverPressedDisabled

OutlineSubtleLinkFocused

Form field

Work email

you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates

Notice

Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft

Data

Storage used68%

Acme LtdActive

NorthwindTrial

GlobexActive

How to use #f9bedf

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for

✓Text and icons on dark surfaces
✓Primary buttons and calls to action
✓Focus rings, active and selected states
✓Card and section backgrounds
✓Brand accents, badges and data highlights

Use with care

⚠Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
⚠Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
⚠White text placed on it
⚠Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate

Minimum size as text on white

Not as text

Safe as a fill behind white type

No — use #750B46

Safe as a 1px border on white

No — use #F05CAF

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

expressiveyouthfulwarmconfident

Pink is the fastest way to signal that a product is not another enterprise dashboard. It carries beauty, fashion and culture brands.

At this chroma the association is amplified — it will dominate anything placed beside it, so give it space and use it sparingly. The high lightness makes it recede — a surface colour rather than a statement.

Worth knowing

Strong gendered associations in some markets — test it with the audience you actually have.

Reads as

FormalityLow
EnergyHigh
Weight14/100
TemperatureWarm
ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Lighter#FFFFFF Darker#F37DBF More saturated#FFB8E0 Less saturated#F3C4DE Warmer#F9BEC9 Cooler#FABDF5 Softer#F5E1EC Richer#FF9AD2 Hue −20°#F9BEF3 Hue −10°#F9BEE9 Hue +10°#F9BED5 Hue +20°#F9BECB

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary	#BEF9D8	Directly opposite — maximum tension
Analogous left	#F5BEF9	Neighbour, quieter
Analogous right	#F9BEC2	Neighbour, quieter
Split-complement 1	#C2F9BE	Contrast without the clash
Split-complement 2	#BEF9F5	Contrast without the clash
Triadic 1	#DFF9BE	Even thirds — balanced and loud
Triadic 2	#BEDFF9	Even thirds — balanced and loud
Tetradic	#F9F5BE	Fourth corner of the square scheme

On the wheel

#f9bedf sits at 326°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red97.6%

Green74.5%

Blue87.5%

R · 0–255

249

0xf9

G · 0–255

190

0xbe

B · 0–255

223

0xdf

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%

Magenta23.7%

Yellow10.4%

Key (black)2.4%

Total ink coverage is 37%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#f9bedf text on a black background

contrast 13.46:1

Card sample

#f9bedf text on a white background

contrast 1.56:1

Card sample

#f9bedf on grey

1.42:1

#f9bedf on its own surface

1.44:1

#f9bedf on its dark surface

11.28:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #f9bedf;

Background color

Panel with #f9bedf background

background-color: #f9bedf;

Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #f9bedf;

Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(249, 190, 223, 0.45);

Div box shadow

Elevated card

box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(249, 190, 223, 0.45);

Border & gradient

Gradient panel

border: 3px solid #f9bedf;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f9bedf, #F9C4BE);

Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f9bedf, #F9D3BE);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;

Focus ring

Focused control

outline: 2px solid #f9bedf;
outline-offset: 3px;

Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #f9bedf;
caret-color: #f9bedf;

Left rule

Pull quote or callout

border-left: 4px solid #f9bedf;

Ring + tint

Selected chip

background: #FDE8F4;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #f9bedf;

Conic badge

68%

background: conic-gradient(#f9bedf 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #f9bedf over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

5%10%15%20%30%40%50%60%75%90%100%

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select

rgba(249, 190, 223, 0.5)
rgb(249 190 223 / 50%)
#f9bedf80
hsl(326 83% 86% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #f9bedf 50%, transparent)

Alpha	8-digit hex	Flat on white
10%	#f9bedf1a	#FEF9FC
20%	#f9bedf33	#FEF2F9
40%	#f9bedf66	#FDE5F2
60%	#f9bedf99	#FBD8EC
80%	#f9bedfcc	#FACBE5

Gradients from #f9bedf

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation

Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere

background: linear-gradient(135deg, #FDECF6, #f9bedf 45%, #750B46);

Duotone

A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill

background: linear-gradient(120deg, #f9bedf, #F6B2A2);

Complement sweep

Loud — keep it behind large type only

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f9bedf, #BEF9D8);

Spotlight

Hero panels and app headers

background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #FEF1F8 0%, #f9bedf 45%, #750B46 100%);

Soft wash

Section backgrounds that stay readable

background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF4F8, #ffffff);

Mesh

Ambient background, no image weight

background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #FBEDFD 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #FCDBDA 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #750B46 0%, transparent 65%), #f9bedf;

Monochromatic scale

#380522 #790B49 #BB1170 #EB2895 #F16AB6 #F7ABD6 #FCDAED

Palettes built from #f9bedf

UI palette

Gradient stops

Accent trio

Warm–cool bridge

Data series

Status set

Neutral companions

Shades — darker

#F596CB #F26EB8 #EE45A4 #EA1D90 #C91379 #A10F61 #790B48 #500730 #280418

Tints — lighter

#FAC5E2 #FACBE5 #FBD2E9 #FBD8EC #FCDFEF #FDE5F2 #FDECF5 #FEF1F8 #FEF1F8

Tones — desaturated

#F6C1DF #F3C4DE #F0C7DE #EDCADE #EACDDD #E7D0DD #E4D3DD #E1D6DC #DFD9DC

Color harmonies

Complement

Split-complement

Analogous

Triadic

Tetradic

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

Pink#ffc0cbΔE00 7.2 · ΔE76 11.7 Thistle#d8bfd8ΔE00 8.2 · ΔE76 13.4 Light Pink#ffb6c1ΔE00 8.4 · ΔE76 13.5 Plum#dda0ddΔE00 10 · ΔE76 18 Misty Rose#ffe4e1ΔE00 15.6 · ΔE76 23.8 Lavender Blush#fff0f5ΔE00 16.6 · ΔE76 25.3

Closest CSS keywordPink · ΔE 7.2 Closest darker namePlum · ΔE 10 Closest lighter nameLavender Blush · ΔE 16.6

Nearest Tailwind familypink-500 · #ec4899 · ΔE 24.5 Nearest web-safe colour#FFCCCC · ΔE 11

Closest color with a full write-up: Cotton Candy (#ffbcd9) — ΔE2000 2.3 away, with its history, psychology and brand usage.

#f9bedf in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries

BeautyFashionLifestyleYouth brands

Common UI roles

SurfacesBadgesHighlightsEmpty states

Print note

Sits outside most CMYK gamuts — expect a duller press result, or specify a spot ink.

On screens

Holds up across typical panel gamma. Still worth checking on an uncalibrated laptop, where mid-tones shift most.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 13.46:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#f9bedf, answered

What color is #f9bedf?

#f9bedf is a pale electric magenta / pink, closest to Pink (ΔE2000 7.2). It sits at 326° on the hue wheel with 83% saturation and 86% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #f9bedf?

rgb(249, 190, 223) — 249 red, 190 green and 223 blue out of 255, or 97.6% / 74.5% / 87.5% by channel.

What is #f9bedf in HSL and HSV?

hsl(326, 83%, 86%) and hsv(326, 24%, 98%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #f9bedf a light or a dark color?

It is a light color. Relative luminance is 0.6229 and perceived brightness is 84%, so black text on it reaches 13.46:1.

Should I use black or white text on #f9bedf?

Black. It scores 13.46:1 against #f9bedf, versus 1.56:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #f9bedf accessible on a white background?

#f9bedf on white scores 1.56:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #E11587 to reach 4.5:1, or #A91065 for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #f9bedf?

#BEF9D8 sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #C2F9BE and #BEF9F5, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #f9bedf?

For interface work: #FAF4F8 as the surface, #EDC0D9 for borders, #9B4B78 for secondary text, #0EBE2E as an accent and #750B46 for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #F5BEF9 and #F9BEC2 stays calm, while #BEF9D8 is the loudest partner.

What is #f9bedf in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 24%, 10%, 2%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — a color this saturated sits outside most CMYK gamuts and will print duller than it looks here.

Is #f9bedf warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 35 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #F9BEC9; nudged cooler, #FABDF5.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #f9bedf?

The pink family — its 500 step is #ec4899, ΔE2000 24.5 away. That is a visible difference, so define #f9bedf as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #f9bedf in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#f9bedf] or text-[#f9bedf], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #f9bedf with 50% opacity?

rgba(249, 190, 223, 0.5), or #f9bedf80 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #FCDFEF; over black, #7D5F70.

Is #f9bedf a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #FFCCCC, ΔE2000 11 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #f9bedf mean?

As a magenta / pink, it reads expressive, youthful, warm. Pink is the fastest way to signal that a product is not another enterprise dashboard. It carries beauty, fashion and culture brands. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #f9bedf?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #FDECF6, #f9bedf 45%, #750B46). For more colour, a short hue run to #F6B2A2 keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #f9bedf in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Contrast Checker →Palette Generator →Palette Pro →Scale Generator →CSS Code Generator →Color Blind Simulator →Accessibility Checker →Color Distance →Gradient Generator →Image Color Picker →

Every value on this page is computed from #f9bedf at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.