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yellow · warm

#fdf9ef

a pale, electric yellow · warm · “Floral White”

Token name suggestion: Mist Straw

RGB
253, 249, 239
HSL
43°, 78%, 97%
CMYK
0, 2, 6, 1
Luminance
0.9487

#fdf9ef is a pale electric yellow, 43° on the wheel and 11/100 on the cool side. Put black text on it (19.97:1). As text it scores 1.05:1 on white — use #936F12 instead. Nearest name is Floral White, nearest Tailwind family is yellow.

hsl(43 78% 97%)rgb(253 249 239)Base step 50AAA inkWarm

At a glance

Every number on this page in one read: what #fdf9ef is made of, how bright it looks, and which way it leans.

Hex
#fdf9ef
Hue
43°
yellow
Saturation
78%
electric
Lightness
97%
pale
Brightness
99%
HSV value
Perceived
98%
weighted brightness
Luminance
0.9487
WCAG relative
Temperature
Warm
11/100 cool
Color family
Yellow
Tone
Electric
Best ink
Black
19.97:1
Closest name
Floral White
ΔE2000 0.5
Chroma
5.3
LCH, 0–130ish
OKLCH L
0.983
perceptual lightness
Tailwind
yellow
500 · ΔE 29.1
Web-safe
#FFFFFF
nearest of 216
Where it sits
Hue43° of 360°
Saturation78%
Lightness97%
Saturation × lightness field

Left edge is grey, right edge is full chroma; top is white, bottom is black. The dot is #fdf9ef.

Temperature
Warm ← → Cool11% cool

Reads warm. Warm and cool siblings keep the same lightness, so you can swap one in without redoing your contrast maths.

Luminance by channel
Red22%
Green71%
Blue7%

Green carries most of what the eye calls brightness — that is why WCAG weights it 0.7152.

Every format

HEX#fdf9ef
HEX (8-digit)#fdf9efff
RGBrgb(253, 249, 239)
RGBArgba(253, 249, 239, 1)
HSLhsl(43, 78%, 97%)
HSV / HSBhsv(43, 6%, 99%)
HWBhwb(43 94% 1%)
CMYKcmyk(0%, 2%, 6%, 1%)
LABlab(98.0 -0.4 5.3)
LCHlch(98.0 5.3 94.0)
OKLCHoklch(0.983 0.014 88.7)
XYZ (D65)xyz(89.96, 94.87, 95.22)
Decimal16644591
Display P3color(display-p3 0.992 0.976 0.937)
Web-safe#FFFFFF

Copy-ready code

every platformclick to select
/* CSS */
color: #fdf9ef;
background-color: #fdf9ef;
/* CSS custom property */
--brand: #fdf9ef;
/* Tailwind (arbitrary) */
class="text-[#fdf9ef] bg-[#fdf9ef]"
/* SCSS */
$brand: #fdf9ef;
/* SwiftUI */
Color(red: 0.992, green: 0.976, blue: 0.937)
/* UIKit */
UIColor(red: 0.992, green: 0.976, blue: 0.937, alpha: 1)
/* Android XML */
<color name="brand">#FDF9EF</color>
/* Android Compose */
Color(0xFFFDF9EF)
/* Flutter */
Color(0xFFFDF9EF)
/* Python / OpenCV (BGR) */
(239, 249, 253)
/* Python / PIL (RGB) */
(253, 249, 239)
/* Java AWT */
new Color(253, 249, 239)
/* .NET */
Color.FromArgb(255, 253, 249, 239)
/* OpenGL / Unity (0–1) */
(0.9922f, 0.9765f, 0.9373f, 1f)
/* LaTeX */
\definecolor{brand}{RGB}{253,249,239}
modern cssclick to select
/* mix without leaving CSS */
background: color-mix(in oklab, #fdf9ef 85%, white);
border-color: color-mix(in oklab, #fdf9ef 40%, transparent);
/* theme-aware in one line */
color: light-dark(#71550E, #EEE6D3);
/* relative colour syntax */
--hover: hsl(from #fdf9ef h s calc(l - 7));

Design tokens

The same ramp in the four formats a team actually needs. Paste one and the whole palette lands with it.

css custom propertiesclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: #fdf9ef;
  --brand-100: #F9F4E6;
  --brand-200: #F5E8C7;
  --brand-300: #F3DA9B;
  --brand-400: #ECC769;
  --brand-500: #E6B438;
  --brand-600: #DAA31B;
  --brand-700: #B58817;
  --brand-800: #916D12;
  --brand-900: #695011;
  --brand-950: #42320B;
  --brand: #fdf9ef;
  --brand-ink: #000000;
  --brand-surface: #FAF9F4;
  --brand-border: #EDE0C0;
  --brand-hover: #F9EDCF;
  --brand-pressed: #F5E1B0;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --brand-surface: #242014;
    --brand-ink: #EEE6D3;
  }
}
tailwind.config.jsclick to select
theme: {
  extend: {
    colors: {
      brand: {
        50: '#fdf9ef',
        100: '#F9F4E6',
        200: '#F5E8C7',
        300: '#F3DA9B',
        400: '#ECC769',
        500: '#E6B438',
        600: '#DAA31B',
        700: '#B58817',
        800: '#916D12',
        900: '#695011',
        950: '#42320B',
        DEFAULT: '#fdf9ef',
      },
    },
  },
}
scss mapclick to select
$brand: (
  '50': #fdf9ef,
  '100': #F9F4E6,
  '200': #F5E8C7,
  '300': #F3DA9B,
  '400': #ECC769,
  '500': #E6B438,
  '600': #DAA31B,
  '700': #B58817,
  '800': #916D12,
  '900': #695011,
  '950': #42320B,
);
$brand-base: #fdf9ef;
$brand-ink: #000000;

@function brand($step) { @return map-get($brand, $step); }
w3c design tokens (json)click to select
{
  "color": {
    "brand": {
      "50": { "$value": "#fdf9ef", "$type": "color" },
      "100": { "$value": "#F9F4E6", "$type": "color" },
      "200": { "$value": "#F5E8C7", "$type": "color" },
      "300": { "$value": "#F3DA9B", "$type": "color" },
      "400": { "$value": "#ECC769", "$type": "color" },
      "500": { "$value": "#E6B438", "$type": "color" },
      "600": { "$value": "#DAA31B", "$type": "color" },
      "700": { "$value": "#B58817", "$type": "color" },
      "800": { "$value": "#916D12", "$type": "color" },
      "900": { "$value": "#695011", "$type": "color" },
      "950": { "$value": "#42320B", "$type": "color" }
    },
    "brandInk": { "$value": "#000000", "$type": "color" }
  }
}

Best text color

Only one of black and white can be right. This is the one, with the number that proves it.

Readable at a glance#000000 on #fdf9ef · 19.97:1
Use #000000AAA at every size.
Aa
12px
Aa
16px
Aa
24px
Aa
White text · 1.05:1
AA fail · AA large fail · AAA fail
Aa
Black text · 19.97:1 · recommended
AA pass · AA large pass · AAA pass
Reading the other direction: #fdf9ef as text scores 1.05:1 on white and 19.97:1 on black.
Best tinted ink on it, if plain black or white feels flat: #71550E at 6.64:1.

Make it accessible

A contrast checker tells you that you failed. This tells you what to ship instead — same hue, same saturation, lightness moved only as far as WCAG demands.

The quick fox
#936F12 · 4.64:1
AA on white−64% L
#936F12
The quick fox
#6F530E · 7.19:1
AAA on white−72% L
#6F530E
The quick fox
#fdf9ef · 19.97:1
AA on blackalready passes
#fdf9ef
The quick fox
#fdf9ef · 19.97:1
AAA on blackalready passes
#fdf9ef

Large text — 24px regular or 18.66px bold and above — only needs 3:1, so #BC8D17 is enough for headings on white. Non-text elements such as icons, chart strokes and focus rings also sit at 3:1 under WCAG 2.2 (1.4.11).

Accessibility — WCAG contrast

Aa
#fdf9ef on white: 1.05:1
AA ✗ fail · AA-large · AAA
Aa
#fdf9ef on black: 19.97:1
AA ✓ pass · AA-large · AAA
Against the neutral ladder

Contrast is symmetric, so each row covers both directions: #fdf9ef as text on that neutral, and that neutral as text on #fdf9ef.

NeutralRatioBoth directions
White1.05:1AaAa
Slate 501.00:1AaAa
Slate 1001.04:1AaAa
Slate 2001.17:1AaAa
Slate 3001.41:1AaAa
Slate 4002.44:1AaAa
Slate 5004.53:1AaAa
Slate 6007.21:1AaAa
Slate 7009.85:1AaAa
Slate 80013.91:1AaAa
Slate 90016.98:1AaAa
Black19.97:1AaAa
Colour vision deficiency
true color
protanopia · #FCF8EE
deuteranopia · #FDFAEF
tritanopia · #FFF7F6

Roughly one man in twelve has some form of colour vision deficiency. If any of the three panels above is hard to tell apart from a neighbouring colour in your palette, add a shape, an icon or a label so the meaning does not rest on hue alone.

Color scale — 50 to 950

A Tailwind-shaped ramp built around this exact hex. #fdf9ef is pinned to step 50; the rest hold its hue and let saturation ease off at the extremes so the pale end never turns neon.

#fdf9ef
#F9F4E6
#F5E8C7
#F3DA9B
#ECC769
#E6B438
#DAA31B
#B58817
#916D12
#695011
#42320B
Base = 50Lightest = 50 · #fdf9efDarkest = 950 · #42320BText step on white = 800
Perceptual ramp — OKLCH

The same eleven steps expressed in OKLCH, where equal lightness numbers actually look equally spaced. HSL ramps go muddy in the yellows and washed out in the blues; this one does not. Modern browsers render it natively — the hex ramp above is the fallback.

50100200300400500600700800900950
oklch tokensclick to select
:root {
  --brand-50: oklch(0.97 0.003 88.7);
  --brand-100: oklch(0.94 0.006 88.7);
  --brand-200: oklch(0.88 0.008 88.7);
  --brand-300: oklch(0.80 0.011 88.7);
  --brand-400: oklch(0.72 0.013 88.7);
  --brand-500: oklch(0.64 0.014 88.7);
  --brand-600: oklch(0.56 0.014 88.7);
  --brand-700: oklch(0.48 0.013 88.7);
  --brand-800: oklch(0.40 0.012 88.7);
  --brand-900: oklch(0.32 0.010 88.7);
  --brand-950: oklch(0.24 0.008 88.7);
}

Colors that work with #fdf9ef

Not a palette — a role sheet. Each swatch answers one question you will hit while building the component.

Text on it#000000
Black wins here
Surface#FAF9F4
Tinted page background
Border#EDE0C0
Hairlines and dividers
Muted text#9B844B
Captions on the surface
Accent#1771B5
Second voice, not a rival
Dark variant#71550E
Hover, pressed, headers
Light variant#FCF7E8
Selected rows, tints
Dark surface#242014
Dark-mode background
Hover#F9EDCF
One step down in lightness
Pressed#F5E1B0
Two steps down
Disabled#F7F6F3
Chroma pulled out
Focus ring#FDF2D9
Offset from the fill so it reads
Light mode
Everything in its place

Surface, border, heading and body all derive from this one hue, so the screen stays coherent without a second palette.

Primary actionSecondaryBadge
Dark mode
Same hue, inverted

Lightness flips, hue holds. The accent stays the anchor in both themes.

Primary actionSecondaryAccent

In real components

The same eight roles, wired into the interface patterns you will actually build with them. Every state below is a computed value, not a mock-up.

Buttons and states
Save changesHoverPressedDisabled
OutlineSubtleLinkFocused
Form field
you@company.com

Focus ring uses the light variant so the field still reads as one shape.

Send me product updates
Notice
Your export is ready

The file stays available for seven days. Download it before it expires.

NewBetaDraft
Data
Storage used68%
Acme LtdActive
NorthwindTrial
GlobexActive

How to use #fdf9ef

Derived from its contrast, chroma and lightness — not from taste.

Works well for
  • Text and icons on dark surfaces
  • Primary buttons and calls to action
  • Focus rings, active and selected states
  • Card and section backgrounds
  • Brand accents, badges and data highlights
Use with care
  • Text of any size on white — fails WCAG AA
  • Full-page backgrounds — tiring over long sessions
  • White text placed on it
  • Thin strokes and 1px borders — they disappear on light UI
  • Pairing with a same-lightness hue — edges vibrate
Minimum size as text on white
Not as text
Safe as a fill behind white type
No — use #71550E
Safe as a 1px border on white
No — use #BC8D17

Meaning and mood

What a colour in this family tends to signal, and how this particular chroma and lightness change the reading.

optimisticalertcheap-and-cheerfulvisible

The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail.

At this chroma the association is amplified — it will dominate anything placed beside it, so give it space and use it sparingly. The high lightness makes it recede — a surface colour rather than a statement.

Worth knowing

Almost never passes contrast against white. Treat it as a surface or a marker, not as text.

Reads as
  • FormalityLow
  • EnergyHigh
  • Weight4/100
  • TemperatureWarm
  • ApproachabilityHigh

Colour associations are cultural and vary by market. Treat these as a starting point for a conversation with your audience, not a finding about them.

Similar colors

One move away from this hex in each direction. Every swatch is its own page.

Color relationships

The wheel positions with their names attached, so you can grab the one you actually need.

Complementary#EFF3FD
Analogous left#FDF2EF
Analogous right#FAFDEF
Split-complement 1#EFFAFD
Split-complement 2#F2EFFD
Triadic 1#EFFDF9
Triadic 2#F9EFFD
Tetradic#EFFDF2
On the wheel
Base+30°−30°+120°+240°+180°43°

#fdf9ef sits at 43°. Every dot is a harmony position and links to its own page in the table alongside.

RGB percentages

Red99.2%
Green97.6%
Blue93.7%
R · 0–255
253
0xfd
G · 0–255
249
0xf9
B · 0–255
239
0xef

CMYK percentages

Cyan0.0%
Magenta1.6%
Yellow5.5%
Key (black)0.8%

Total ink coverage is 8%. Most commercial presses cap around 300% — above that, sheets stop drying properly.

Color previews

#fdf9ef text on a black background

contrast 19.97:1

Card sample

#fdf9ef text on a white background

contrast 1.05:1

Card sample

#fdf9ef on grey

1.04:1

#fdf9ef on its own surface

1.00:1

#fdf9ef on its dark surface

15.46:1

CSS3 live lab

Text font color

The quick brown fox

color: #fdf9ef;
Background color
Panel with #fdf9ef background
background-color: #fdf9ef;
Text shadow — hex

Glowing headline

text-shadow: 2px 2px 8px #fdf9ef;
Text shadow — RGB

Soft neon halo

text-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(253, 249, 239, 0.45);
Div box shadow
Elevated card
box-shadow: 0 12px 32px -8px rgba(253, 249, 239, 0.45);
Border & gradient
Gradient panel
border: 3px solid #fdf9ef;
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fdf9ef, #F8FDEF);
Gradient text

Gradient headline

background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fdf9ef, #F4FDEF);
-webkit-background-clip: text;
color: transparent;
Focus ring
Focused control
outline: 2px solid #fdf9ef;
outline-offset: 3px;
Underline & caret

Marked up text

text-decoration-color: #fdf9ef;
caret-color: #fdf9ef;
Left rule
Pull quote or callout
border-left: 4px solid #fdf9ef;
Ring + tint
Selected chip
background: #FCF7E8;
box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #fdf9ef;
Conic badge
68%
background: conic-gradient(#fdf9ef 68%, #e2e8f0 0);

Transparency

What each alpha value actually composites to. The top row is #fdf9ef over white; the bottom row is the same alpha over a checkerboard, so you can see what survives on a photo or a video.

Bottom row of hexes is the flattened result over white — use those when a design tool refuses transparency, or when you need a solid fallback.

alpha in every syntaxclick to select
rgba(253, 249, 239, 0.5)
rgb(253 249 239 / 50%)
#fdf9ef80
hsl(43 78% 97% / 50%)
color-mix(in srgb, #fdf9ef 50%, transparent)
Alpha8-digit hexFlat on white
10%#fdf9ef1a#FFFEFD
20%#fdf9ef33#FFFEFC
40%#fdf9ef66#FEFDF9
60%#fdf9ef99#FEFBF5
80%#fdf9efcc#FDFAF2

Gradients from #fdf9ef

Six recipes, each built from this hex and shown with the exact CSS that produced it.

Elevation
Same hue, three lightnesses — safe anywhere
background: linear-gradient(135deg, #FDF8ED, #fdf9ef 45%, #71550E);
Duotone
A short hue run reads richer than a flat fill
background: linear-gradient(120deg, #fdf9ef, #E8FAD4);
Complement sweep
Loud — keep it behind large type only
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fdf9ef, #EFF3FD);
Spotlight
Hero panels and app headers
background: radial-gradient(120% 120% at 20% 0%, #FDFAF1 0%, #fdf9ef 45%, #71550E 100%);
Soft wash
Section backgrounds that stay readable
background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FAF9F4, #ffffff);
Mesh
Ambient background, no image weight
background: radial-gradient(60% 60% at 15% 20%, #FFFFFF 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(55% 55% at 85% 15%, #FFFFFF 0%, transparent 60%), radial-gradient(70% 70% at 50% 95%, #71550E 0%, transparent 65%), #fdf9ef;

Monochromatic scale

Palettes built from #fdf9ef

Shades — darker

Tints — lighter

Tones — desaturated

Color harmonies

Nearest named colors

Ranked with CIEDE2000 across all 139 CSS keywords. Under ΔE 2 the eye stops telling them apart; over ΔE 10 they are plainly different colors.

#fdf9ef in the real world

Where a color in this family tends to land, and the interface roles it is usually asked to play.

Industries
RetailLeisureEnergyWarning systems
Common UI roles
SurfacesBadgesHighlightsEmpty states
Print note

Sits outside most CMYK gamuts — expect a duller press result, or specify a spot ink.

On screens

Very light values are indistinguishable from white on a dim phone screen outdoors. Give it a border if the boundary matters.

In dark mode

Usable as-is on a dark surface at 19.97:1.

Explore nearby colors

Small, deliberate steps away from this hex — useful when you are hunting for the version of a colour that finally feels right.

#fdf9ef, answered

What color is #fdf9ef?

#fdf9ef is a pale electric yellow — the CSS keyword Floral White. It sits at 43° on the hue wheel with 78% saturation and 97% lightness, which reads as warm.

What is the RGB value of #fdf9ef?

rgb(253, 249, 239) — 253 red, 249 green and 239 blue out of 255, or 99.2% / 97.6% / 93.7% by channel.

What is #fdf9ef in HSL and HSV?

hsl(43, 78%, 97%) and hsv(43, 6%, 99%). HSL is what CSS takes; HSV is what your design tool's picker shows, which is why the saturation numbers rarely match.

Is #fdf9ef a light or a dark color?

It is a light color. Relative luminance is 0.9487 and perceived brightness is 98%, so black text on it reaches 19.97:1.

Should I use black or white text on #fdf9ef?

Black. It scores 19.97:1 against #fdf9ef, versus 1.05:1 for white — AAA at any size.

Is #fdf9ef accessible on a white background?

#fdf9ef on white scores 1.05:1, which fails WCAG AA at every size. Darken it to #936F12 to reach 4.5:1, or #6F530E for 7:1.

What is the complementary color of #fdf9ef?

#EFF3FD sits directly opposite on the wheel. Softer options are the split-complements #EFFAFD and #F2EFFD, which give the same contrast with far less vibration.

What colors go well with #fdf9ef?

For interface work: #FAF9F4 as the surface, #EDE0C0 for borders, #9B844B for secondary text, #1771B5 as an accent and #71550E for hover and pressed states. For a palette, the analogous pair #FDF2EF and #FAFDEF stays calm, while #EFF3FD is the loudest partner.

What is #fdf9ef in CMYK for printing?

cmyk(0%, 2%, 6%, 1%). This is a screen-to-ink approximation — a color this saturated sits outside most CMYK gamuts and will print duller than it looks here.

Is #fdf9ef warm or cool?

Warm — it scores 11 on a scale where 0 is the warmest orange and 100 the coolest azure. Nudged warmer it becomes #FDF5EF; nudged cooler, #FCFDEF.

Which Tailwind color is closest to #fdf9ef?

The yellow family — its 500 step is #eab308, ΔE2000 29.1 away. That is a visible difference, so define #fdf9ef as a custom token rather than reaching for the built-in.

How do I use #fdf9ef in Tailwind CSS?

Inline it as an arbitrary value with bg-[#fdf9ef] or text-[#fdf9ef], or register the whole ramp under theme.extend.colors.brand so you get bg-brand-500 and friends. The generated 50–950 scale on this page is ready to paste into your config.

What is #fdf9ef with 50% opacity?

rgba(253, 249, 239, 0.5), or #fdf9ef80 in eight-digit hex. Over white that composites to #FEFCF7; over black, #7F7D78.

Is #fdf9ef a web-safe color?

No. The nearest web-safe colour is #FFFFFF, ΔE2000 4.9 away. The palette only matters for legacy displays and some email clients now.

What does the color #fdf9ef mean?

As a yellow, it reads optimistic, alert, cheap-and-cheerful. The most visible hue at low light levels, which is why it owns warnings, hazard tape and value retail. At this chroma the effect is amplified — it will dominate whatever sits beside it.

What gradient works with #fdf9ef?

The safest is same-hue elevation: linear-gradient(135deg, #FDF8ED, #fdf9ef 45%, #71550E). For more colour, a short hue run to #E8FAD4 keeps it rich without turning muddy.

Work with #fdf9ef in the Color Lab

Every tool opens with this colour already loaded.

Every value on this page is computed from #fdf9ef at request time — conversions, contrast ratios and ΔE distances are calculated, never looked up.